Financial oppression and post-separation child positions in Sweden

Towards understanding the Nordic paradox: A review of qualitative interview studies on intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) in Sweden

“…With reference to Kandaswamy's () metaphor of abused women in need of welfare having to trade in a man (i.e., an individual) for “the man” (i.e., an institution), Ulmestig and Panican () point to parallels between women's descriptions of IPVAW and their feelings of being economically controlled by social workers. Similar descriptions appear in studies relating experiences of revictimization by legal, health care, or social welfare system (e.g., Häggblom & Möller, ; Hellgren et al, ; Nikupeteri, ; Örmon & Hörberg, ; Pratt‐Eriksson et al, ), or of such institutions being felt to do the perpetrator's bidding (Bruno, ; Eriksson & Ulmestig, ; Jarnkvist, ; Jarnkvist & Brännström, ). Women's experiences of the legal system, for example, have been described as having beaten again (Brännvall, ) or as a new assault (Pratt‐Eriksson et al, ).…”

“…These include women's experiences of violence (Almqvist & Broberg, ; Bergman, ; Bruno, ; Enander, , , , ; Eriksson & Ulmestig, ; Flinck, Paavilainen, & Astedt‐Kurki, ; Häggblom & Möller, ; Hydén, , , ; Jarnkvist & Brännström, ; Römpötti, ; Scheffer Lindgren & Renck, ), of violence during pregnancy (Edin, Dahlgren, Lalos, & Högberg, ; Edin & Högberg, ; Edin & Nilsson, ; Engnes & Lundgren, ; Finnbogadóttir, Dykes, & Wann‐Hansson, ) and motherhood (Almqvist & Broberg, ; Georgsson et al, ), and of leaving violent relationships (Enander, ; Enander & Holmberg, ; Häggblom & Möller, ; Holmberg & Enander, ; Hydén, , ; Hydén, ; Jarnkvist, ; Münger, ; Scheffer Lindgren & Renck, ). Studies have investigated women's experiences with the judicial (Agevall, ; BRÅ, ; Brännvall, ; Bruno, ; Ekström, ; Green, ; Jarnkvist, ; Jarnkvist & Brännström, ), social service (Eriksson & Ulmestig, ; Jarnkvist & Brännström, ; Nikupeteri, ; Ulmestig & Panican, ) and health care systems (Garnweidner‐Holme, Lukasse, Solheim, & Henriksen, ; Gillå et al, ; Häggblom & Möller, ; Leppakoski, Paavilainen, & Astedt‐Kurki, ; Mørk, Andersen, & Taket, ; Örmon & Hörberg, ; Örmon, Torstensson Levander, Sunnqvist, & Bahtsevani, ; Pratt‐Eriksson, Bergbom, & Lyckhage, ). The impact of IPVAW on the health (Örmon, Torstensson Levander, Sunnqvist, & Bahtsevani, ; Scheffer Lindgren & Renck, ), economy (Eriksson & Ulm...…”

“…Qualitative interview studies on IPVAW in Nordic countries have explored a range of issues. These include women's experiences of violence (Almqvist & Broberg, 2004;Bergman, 1989;Bruno, 2018;Enander, 2010aEnander, , 2010bEnander, , 2011aEnander, , 2011bFlinck, Paavilainen, & Astedt-Kurki, 2005;Häggblom & Möller, 2007;Hydén, 1992Hydén, , 1995aHydén, , 1995bJarnkvist & Brännström, 2016a;Römpötti, 2009;Scheffer Lindgren & Renck, 2008b), of violence during pregnancy (Edin, Dahlgren, Lalos, & Högberg, 2010;Edin & Högberg, 2002;Edin & Nilsson, 2013;Engnes & Lundgren, 2013;Finnbogadóttir, Dykes, & Wann-Hansson, 2014) and motherhood (Almqvist & Broberg, 2004;Georgsson et al, 2007), and of leaving violent relationships (Enander, 2011a;Enander & Holmberg, 2008;Häggblom & Möller, 2007;Holmberg & Enander, 2005;Hydén, 2000Hydén, , 2005Hydén, 2001;Jarnkvist, 2015;Münger, 2009;Scheffer Lindgren & Renck, 2008a). Studies have investigated women's experiences with the judicial (Agevall, 2012;BRÅ, 2010;Brännvall, 2016;Bruno, 2018;Ekström, 2015;Green, 2002;Jarnkvist, 2015;…”

“…A gender perspective was thus presented as a self-evident basis of activities but tended to disappear in concrete practice, where dimensions of gender and power were often not addressed (Mattson, 2013), as IPVAW was largely framed as a problem of individuals (Keskinen, 2005). This relative absence of a gender perspective, related to an associated assumption of gender equality (Mattson, 2013), was found to have potentially problematic consequences, for example in cases of custody conflict and of placing substantial responsibility on female victims (Bruno, 2018;Helmersson, 2017;Mattson, 2013;SOU, 2004:121). Alongside this gap between a structural gender perspective and more individually or relationally oriented practice, Mattson (2011) saw tension between an emphasis on gender neutrality and gender symmetry among (male) professionals, often referring to violent relationships as consisting of two violent parties, and the reality observed during field-work during which only women and children sought help due to IPV.…”

“…Professionals further found difficulties in speaking about violence; about how its origin and dynamics were understood, and how it related to gender and power (Mattson, 2011(Mattson, , 2013. Violence has also tended to be disregarded in Nordic custody conflicts (Bruno, 2018;Enander, 2011a;Häggblom & Möller, 2007).…”