Financing eco cities and low carbon cities: The case of Shenzhen International Low Carbon City

Zhan, Changjie; Jong, Martin de

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.01.097

Cited by 69 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Appendix A provides more detailed information about the 56 studies including country/initiative studied, method of the study and the aims/objectives of the study. Geographical locations (country/continent) of the included studies by descending order (based on the number of studies identified) India [28,[32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][67][68][69][70]79] China [45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53]71,76,80] Indonesia [54][55][56][57] Brazil [3,58,72] Malaysia [59][60][61] Vietnam [62,73] Mexico [63] Turkey [78] Egypt [81] Romania [64] Nepal [65] ...…”

Section: Study Contexts and Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Qualitative city-level case studies [32][33][34]37,38,42,44,45,[47][48][49]50,52,53,[56][57][58]60,62,65,76,80] Qualitative country-level case studies [28,33,35,38,43,44,47,48,52,55,57,58,60-62,65,66,[78]] Qualitative continent-level case studies [74,75] Quantitative surveys [3,[67][68][69][70][71][72][73] 1 Contexts and characteristics of the 56 studies included in the review; please see Appendix A for more details.…”

Section: Study Contexts and Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This profit-sharing model enables the local government and the subway company to share land premiums and operating income generated from real-estate development. The subway company could, in turn, use some of these profits to invest in subway construction and maintenance, which will add value to real-estate development [53].…”

Section: Financing Capacity Of the Governmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Smart City Governance in Developing Countries: A Systematic Literature Review

2020

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Smart cities that make broad use of digital technologies have been touted as possible solutions for the population pressures faced by many cities in developing countries and may help meet the rising demand for services and infrastructure. Nevertheless, the high financial cost involved in infrastructure maintenance, the substantial size of the informal economies, and various governance challenges are curtailing government idealism regarding smart cities. This review examines the state of smart city development in developing countries, which includes understanding the conceptualisations, motivations, and unique drivers behind (and barriers to) smarty city development. A total of 56 studies were identified from a systematic literature review from an initial pool of 3928 social sciences literature identified from two academic databases. Data were analysed using thematic synthesis and thematic analysis. The review found that technologyenabled smart cities in developing countries can only be realised when concurrent socioeconomic, human, legal, and regulatory reforms are instituted. Governments need to step up their efforts to fulfil the basic infrastructure needs of citizens, raise more revenue, construct clear regulatory frameworks to mitigate the technological risks involved, develop human capital, ensure digital inclusivity, and promote environmental sustainability. A supportive ecosystem that encourages citizen participation, nurtures start-ups, and promotes public-private partnerships needs to be created to realise their smart city vision.

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Section: Study Contexts and Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Contexts and Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Financing Capacity Of the Governmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Smart City Governance in Developing Countries: A Systematic Literature Review

2020

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“…In the literature, funding is recognized as a significant barrier to the successful implementation of LCC projects [157], but there are heterogeneous sources of funding that have been identified. The government plays an instrumental role through central and local budgetary allocations, R&D, direct subsidies, incentive funds, grants, demonstration projects, taxation, and credit enhancement measures [16,30,62,94,115,159]. Further, they have also provided the appropriate resource mobilization such as establishing ideal institutional setting, defining standards, establishing viable financial policy incentives, and a transaction framework, to overcome barriers for private investments.…”

Section: Implementing Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, they have also provided the appropriate resource mobilization such as establishing ideal institutional setting, defining standards, establishing viable financial policy incentives, and a transaction framework, to overcome barriers for private investments. Low carbon financing has been leveraged by other non-government funding sources such as public and international market (foreign direct investment, stock market, and carbon market), commercial and inter-bank finance (domestic loans, debt finance, corporate bonds, and green credit), private finance (venture capital, private equity, and corporate finance), and international assistant programs [159,160]. The literature has pinpointed that pilot cities have utilized financing models such as the public-private-partnership to mobilize financial resources, technologies, and technical expertise of the private sector for the construction of public sector projects [159].…”

Section: Implementing Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainability of Low Carbon City Initiatives in China: A Comprehensive Literature Review

Hunter

Sagoe²,

Vettorato

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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Low carbon city (LCC) has emerged as the latest sustainable urbanism strategy in China as a response to climate change impacts. Yet, minimal scholarships have explored the sustainability of the urban planning model towards understanding the complexity of the components. Using a two-step triangulation approach, this paper presents a structured overview of the LCC initiative in China as it relates to the transition to a sustainability paradigm. The data collection approach includes a comprehensive review of 238 articles on LCC to identify and categorize LCC components. Furthermore, discourse and framing analysis was used to develop and synthesize a conceptual framework for assimilating the components into four core sustainable development principles: Integration, implementation, equity, and scalability and replicability. The results indicate that LCC development in China is bias towards economic and environmental technological innovations and strategies. Additionally, several critical sustainability issues of LCC pilots were identified. These include a lack of social equity planning concerns for the most vulnerable population, dearth of social reforms that cater to lifestyle and behavioral change, top-down planning and decision-making processes, a technocratic rationalization planning approach, inconsistent LCC targets on inter-generational justice concerns, absence of an effective national "sharing and learning" city-city network system, and several barriers to implementation. We conclude that the applied theoretical and conceptual inquiry into the field of LCC is pertinent to mitigate climate change and achieve sustainable urban development.Sustainability 2019, 11, 4342 2 of 37 consumption [14][15][16][17]. This increasing energy consumption and coal dependency of the urban energy system has increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, as China has become the world's largest energy consumer and carbon emitter [18,19]. A recent report by the National Bureau of Statistics [20] suggests that despite a decline in GHG emissions between 2013 and 2016, emissions grew by 2.3% in 2018 due to a surge in urban construction. Therefore, after three decades of rapid physical and socio-spatial modernization, the country is facing significant negative externalities [16]. Local environmental pollution [6,16,[21][22][23], ecological deterioration [24], and energy shortage [21,25] have created health risks [26], have affected people's quality of life [27], and resulted in substantial economic losses [28] in megacities such as Tianjin and Beijing [29]. Concomitantly, China's cities are vulnerable to climate change impacts [17,30], as some cities have inadequate seawall defenses in low-lying areas [5], and are therefore exposed to flooding and extreme rainstorms [23]. In addition to this, some experience droughts from reduced precipitation, which can be attributed to low urban institutional capacity that creates limitations in climate governance and planning [31]. These complex and intractable problems have heralded a call for action, t...

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A new experience mining approach for improving low carbon city development

Shuai

Liu

et al. 2020

Sustainable Development

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Developing low carbon city (LCC) has been widely appreciated as an important strategy for sustainable development. In line with this, an increasing number of cities globally have launched low carbon practices in recent years and gained various types of experience. However, it appears that existing studies do not present methods of how to use these valuable LCC experience in solving new problems. This study therefore introduces an experience mining approach to assist decision-makers in reusing previous experience when tailoring LCC development strategies. The mining approach consists of three processes, namely, collecting historical cases which have been experiencing LCC, establishing LCC experience base, and mining similar experience cases. This study innovates the existing experience mining approach by introducing a two-step mining process with considering the perspective of problem-based urban characteristics (PBUCs) and the perspective of solution-based urban characteristics (SBUCs). The application of the introduced mining approach has been demonstrated by a case study, where Shenyang's energy structure is adopted as the target problem. The new experience mining approach provides a valuable reference for decision-makers to retrieve similar cases for improving LCC development with the consideration of city characteristics.

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Financing eco cities and low carbon cities: The case of Shenzhen International Low Carbon City

Cited by 69 publications

References 23 publications

Smart City Governance in Developing Countries: A Systematic Literature Review

Smart City Governance in Developing Countries: A Systematic Literature Review

Sustainability of Low Carbon City Initiatives in China: A Comprehensive Literature Review

A new experience mining approach for improving low carbon city development

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