Finding prodromal frailty in a community-dwelling healthy older cohort by survey of BDNF or hand grip strength classified by BMI

Abstract

Background: Frailty, which is losing body weight or lean body mass, experiencing fatigue and loss of strength or endurance, can easily result in falls and fractures with hospitalization and bedridden conditions. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which is involved in neurogenesis, phenotypic differentiation, and neuronal survival, is gaining traction in the field of gerontology research as a relevant factor in cognition and vitality in the older population. We studied a distribution of mean BDNF levels or hand grip strengths according to BMI classification, and found the lowest BMI class of thin category had significantly (p < 0.01) lower mean BDNF level or mean hand grip strength than in the normal or obese 1 category of BMI. Therefore we defined the lowest BMI category "thin" as "prodromal frailty", but not pre-frailty. We report the findings of "prodromal frailty" and discuss how to prevent this stage from advancing to frailty. Methods: We measured serum BDNF concentrations, BMI and various health parameters in 805 elderly (aged 65-84) regional health examination participants from the Tokyo area. Their serum BDNF levels and grip strengths were divided according to BMI classification. Results: The mean serum BDNF levels increased linearly according to BMI categorization from thin (< 18.4 kg/m 2) to obese 2 (30-34.9 kg/m 2) and decreased in the obese 3 group (35-39.9 kg/m 2). The mean serum BDNF level in the thin category was significantly lower than that in the normal category (p < 0.01). The BDNF levels in the obese 1 and obese 2 categories did not differ significantly from that in the normal category. Mean hand grip strength (kg) was also similarly distributed to the mean BDNF level distribution in the classified BMIs. Conclusion: Older people in the thin BMI category had significantly lower serum BDNF levels and weaker hand grip strength than those in the normal or slightly obese categories, placing them in the conditon of "prodromal frailty" but not pre-frailty.

5-HMF attenuates inflammation and demyelination in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice by inhibiting the MIF-CD74 interaction

“…The ELISA kits for TNF-α (MTA00B; R&D Systems), IL-10 (DY417; R&D Systems) and MIF (DY1978; R&D Systems) were used to measure the levels of TNF-α and IL-10 in BV2 cell supernatants and mouse serum, and the level of MIF in BV2 cell supernatants according to the manufacturer’s protocols and previous descriptions [36] . Before detection, the kits were kept at room temperature for 30 min, and the samples were diluted 5-fold.…”

Exosomes Secreted by Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induce Immune Tolerance to Kidney Transplantation via Transporting lncRNA DANCR

“…Levels of IL-2, IL-17, and IFN-γ were examined by ELISA assay referring to its instructions. The ELISA kits for IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-17 were all purchased from Invitrogen™ (Thermo Fisher Scienti c, USA) [24].…”