Fine line printed silicon solar cells exceeding 20% efficiency

Hörteis, M.; Glunz, Stefan W.

doi:10.1002/pip.850

Cited by 104 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…[1][2][3] Recently, the narrow numerous finger lines were introduced in order to reduce the built-in forward bias between finger lines. 4 The finger line contact has two major effects on solar cell performance: the reduction of short-circuit current and the introduction of series resistance into the terminal characteristics because of the flow of current transverse to the surface through the sheet resistance of the surface layer. 5 Because of this transverse current flow, the entire p-n junction is not at the same electric potential.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced photocurrent of Si solar cell with the inclusion of a transparent indium tin oxide thin film

Parida

Lim

et al. 2014

Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy

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We investigated the enhanced photocurrents in crystalline Si solar cells with the inclusion of indium tin oxide thin film. The indium tin oxide enhances the quantum efficiency and reduces photoreflectance in the spectral region of 310-1048 nm. The enhanced photocurrent is ranged at the Si band edge for the spectral peak near 1033 nm. For the subband gap region, the photocurrent is strongly reduced by the indium tin oxide thin film, indicating that the transmission of infrared spectra was prevented by plasmonic metamaterial effect. The fabricated cell showed the short circuit current density enhanced due to the carrier excitation behavior at conduction band of the infrared spectra induced metallic indium tin oxide thin film. The enhanced shunt resistance of the pn junction is related to the blocking of Ag paste penetration into the Si emitter layer by the indium tin oxide thin film during fabrication process. V C 2014 AIP Publishing LLC.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced photocurrent of Si solar cell with the inclusion of a transparent indium tin oxide thin film

Parida

Lim

et al. 2014

Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy

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“…), different methods of aerosol printing [2], manufacturing of inks for jet printing (Ag, Al, Si, Ge, SiO 2 , C, etc.). With these inks by methods of printed electronics it is possible to create transistors [3], the elements of solar panels [4] (Si, Ag, Al, etc. ), antennas, and other devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Energy Balance in the Spark Discharge Generator for Nanoparticles Synthesis

Mylnikov¹,

Ефимов²,

Ivanov

2017

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Optimization of Serratia nematodiphila using Response surface methodology to silver nanoparticles synthesis for aquatic pathogen control S Rajeshkumar and C Malarkodi Abstract. In this paper we investigate the balance of energy in the discharge circuit of a spark discharge generator (SDG) for nanoparticles synthesis. The released energy consists of several parts: the energy in a discharge gap and the energy dissipated in the other elements of the circuit. In turn, in the gap a one part of the energy releases in preanode and precathode regions and the other part in an arc between electrodes. We measured these parts and proposed ways to optimize energy efficiency of the nanoparticles production. IntroductionNanoparticles of ultra-small sizes (1 − 10 nm) are in demand for a number of promising applications: gas and optical sensors (Ag, SnO 2 , etc.) [1], luminophores (Si, Ge, etc.), different methods of aerosol printing [2], manufacturing of inks for jet printing (Ag, Al, Si, Ge, SiO 2 , C, etc.). With these inks by methods of printed electronics it is possible to create transistors [3], the elements of solar panels [4] (Si, Ag, Al, etc.), antennas, and other devices.There are various methods of nanoparticles gas-phase synthesis: the electric explosion of wires, the laser vaporization of the target, the electrical erosion of electrodes in the pulsed gas discharge. The electric explosion, in this series, was historically the first method, which gives nanoparticles with a large mass yield of the order of hundreds of grams per hour, but the resulting particles are of sufficiently large diameters, on the order of 20 − 300 nm. The electric explosion is by far the most energy-efficient gas-phase method (∼ 50 kWh/kg), as all the energy input goes directly to the evaporation of a wire and particle formation. The laser vaporization method produces much smaller particles (10 − 30 nm), but requires specially trained targets of compressed powder. Energy costs account for 80 − 300 kWh/kg. The gas-discharge synthesis is a unique method that allows one to obtain particles of very small size, up to clusters of a few atoms [5]. Other advantages include possibility to obtain nanoparticles of any conductive material, including metals and doped semiconductors. There are only two requirements to a workpiece material, not too high electrical resistance and an ability to manufacture a rod from the material to be used as an electrode. At the same time, this method requires a lot of specific energy input about of 1600 kWh/kg. For the industrial use of the method it is of interest to find ways to minimize particle synthesis energy.In the aerosol SDG a capacitor charged to a high voltage discharges through a system of the two electrodes with the gas gap between them. The energy releases in the discharge gap (useful energy) and in the capacitor and busbars. It is clear that heat released out of the gap should be kept to a minimum, this can be done by reducing the resistance of an external part of the circuit. The ratio of the energy released ...

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“…[7][8][9][10] As for oxygen plays an important role in diffusion, so the oxidation process is discussed in this study in detail. The optimized process can be applied easily in industrial production lines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of oxidation processes to improve crystalline silicon solar cell emitters

et al. 2014

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Control of the oxidation process is one key issue in producing high-quality emitters for crystalline silicon solar cells. In this paper, the oxidation parameters of pre-oxidation time, oxygen concentration during pre-oxidation and pre-deposition and drive-in time were optimized by using orthogonal experiments. By analyzing experimental measurements of short-circuit current, open circuit voltage, series resistance and solar cell efficiency in solar cells with different sheet resistances which were produced by using different diffusion processes, we inferred that an emitter with a sheet resistance of approximately 70 Ω/□ performed best under the existing standard solar cell process. Further investigations were conducted on emitters with sheet resistances of approximately 70 Ω/□ that were obtained from different preparation processes. The results indicate that emitters with surface phosphorus concentrations between 4.96 × 1020 cm−3 and 7.78 × 1020 cm−3 and with junction depths between 0.46 μm and 0.55 μm possessed the best quality. With no extra processing, the final preparation of the crystalline silicon solar cell efficiency can reach 18.41%, which is an increase of 0.4%abs compared to conventional emitters with 50 Ω/□ sheet resistance.

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Fine line printed silicon solar cells exceeding 20% efficiency

Cited by 104 publications

References 12 publications

Enhanced photocurrent of Si solar cell with the inclusion of a transparent indium tin oxide thin film

Enhanced photocurrent of Si solar cell with the inclusion of a transparent indium tin oxide thin film

Investigation of the Energy Balance in the Spark Discharge Generator for Nanoparticles Synthesis

Optimization of oxidation processes to improve crystalline silicon solar cell emitters

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