Fine structural and cytochemical aspects of granuloma formation derived from kupffer cells in mice injected with latex particles.

Yamashita, Keisuke; Fujita, Hisao; Kawamata, Seiichi

doi:10.1679/aohc.48.315

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This was accompanied by increased superoxide anion and nitrite production measured in isolated KC. One concludes that KC play a direct role in the formation of granuloma caused by accumulation of formed wax crystals, consistent with observations in other studies of hepatic epithelioid granuloma formation following accumulation of degradation resistant injected particles (Fujita et al 1983;Yamashita et al 1985).…”

Section: Scotter Et Al 2003supporting

confidence: 89%

“…The type of concern here is the "non-infectious type", which results from the presence of insoluble, degradation resistant foreign particles that activate resident macrophages (i.e. KC), such as latex particles (Yamashita et al 1985) or Indian ink (Fujita et al 1983). When degradation resistant particles reach the liver, KC try to isolate foreign material by pinocytosis and store it in large or small cytoplasmic vacuoles in close contact with lysosomes, which may fuse to destroy it.…”

Section: Granuloma Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relevance of animal studies in the toxicological assessment of oil and wax hydrocarbons. Solving the puzzle for a new outlook in risk assessment

Carrillo

Danneels

Woldhuis³

2021

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

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Paraffin waxes and white mineral oils are distinct petroleum products separated from a common feedstock by crystallization, where only n-alkanes, iso-and cyclo-alkanes with a linear backbone of $ 20 carbon atoms long, selectively crystalize out from the oil to form the wax, which is solid at room temperature, whereas oils remain liquid. Up until the 90's, these differences were reflected in separated regulatory assessments. A paradigm shift occurred when Fischer 344 rats (F-344) developed liver epithelioid granuloma following exposure to low and medium viscosity oils or waxes. This lesion was used as common denominator between these products to be jointly assessed under the common term "mineral hydrocarbons -MHC", obviating compositional differences. This regulatory paradigm dominated for the next 30 years, exacerbated by the EFSA 2012 evaluation using the analytical term "MOSH" (mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons) which encompassed these products under single chromatography fraction. The reconstruction of historical developments, together with recent EFSA-sponsored studies of toxicity and accumulation and supporting literature, has allowed us to understand the etiology of the F-344 rat hepatic epithelioid granuloma, which is presented in an adverse outcome pathway (AOP). Considering chemical composition, it clearly demonstrates that the hepatic effects in F-344 rats caused by linear alkanes of waxes are irrelevant for humans. Waxes are thus not MOSH and should thus be evaluated on their own merit. The term MOSH should not include n-alkanes and be exclusively used to mineral oil fractions when considering their chemical makeup for a relevant human hazard assessment.

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Section: Scotter Et Al 2003supporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Granuloma Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relevance of animal studies in the toxicological assessment of oil and wax hydrocarbons. Solving the puzzle for a new outlook in risk assessment

Carrillo

Danneels

Woldhuis³

2021

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

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“…Van Furth proposed the mononuclear phagocyte system, in which macrophages derive from monocytes in the bone marrow (Van Furth 1970;Van Furth and Cohn 1968;Van Furth et al 1972). This notion concerning the origin of macrophages has been widely accepted, though there are some reports which support the idea of local proliferation of macrophages in the fetus (Takahashi et al 1983) and in the adult animal (Yamashita et al 1985). In the embryos whose hematopoiesis has already started, it is considered that macrophages appeared in peripheral tissues.…”

Section: The Localization Of Acid Phosphatase (Figs 4a B)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They were then immersed in the same fixative for 30 minutes at 4°C and rinsed overnight at 4°C in 0.1 M sodium cacodylate buffer containing 5% sucrose. The tissue pieces were incubated in a similar way to Yamashita et al (1985) in the modified medium by Gomori (1952) or Novikoff (1963) consisting of 270 mg Na-glycerophosphate, 40 ml of 0.05 M acetate buffer (pH 5.0), 12 ml of 1% Pb(NO3)2, 5 g sucrose, and 48 ml of distilled water for 1 hour at 37°C. The tissue specimens were post-fixed in 2% 0s04 in distilled water, dehydrated in ethanol series and embedded in Epon mixture.…”

Section: ) the Localization Of Acid Phosphatasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was shown that the Kupffer cell, the liver macrophage, in the adult mouse which was given i.v. India ink particles or large and small polystylene latex beads took up the particles by micropinocytosis or by phagocytosis and stored them in their cytoplasmic vacuoles (Fujita et al 1983;Yamashita et al 1985). Kupffer cells containing vacuoles stuffed with carbon particles or latex beads gathered in the sinusoidal space and formed aggregates.…”

Section: The Localization Of Acid Phosphatase (Figs 4a B)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fine Structural Aspects of the Anterior Necrotic Zone in the Leg Bud of the Chick Embryo

Yamashita

Rasjad

Kobayashi³

et al. 1993

Okajimas Folia Anatomica Japonica

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A fine structural study was undertaken on the area called the anterior necrotic zone of leg buds of the chick embryo at stages 22-29. Physiologically dying cells, which were distributed in the mesenchymal area, were characterized by increased electron density of the cytoplasm, appearance of electron lucent vacuoles and condensed chromatin pattern. Many of the dying cells seemed to be fragmented into several pieces of cell debris during the necrotic process. Two kinds of cells were observed to take up the necrotic cells; one type, large cells 15 microns or more in size and irregular in shape, which had lysosomes, extended microvillus-like cytoplasmic projections and pseudopods, took up pieces of necrotic cells by phagocytosis and stored them in acid phosphate-negative and -positive vacuoles. The other type was several microns in diameter with numerous free ribosomes and stored a small number of vacuoles containing cell debris. At stage 29, profiles of necrotic cells lying free in the mesenchymal area, and cells containing one or two vacuoles filled with cell debris decreased in number as well as large cells containing numerous vacuoles, whose contents seemed to be degraded. When pieces of the anterior portion of chick leg buds at stage 24 were organ-cultured for 3 days after glutaraldehyde-fixed mouse red blood cells were injected, the red blood cells were taken up into cells in the mesenchymal area. Formation of large cells containing numerous vacuoles stuffed with red blood cells was rare. These findings may imply that most necrotic cells in the anterior necrotic zone are disposed of by macrophages and that some are endocytosed by mesenchymal cells.

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Nonparenchymal liver cells and granulomas during lamprey biliary atresia

Youson¹,

Sargent²,

Yamamoto³

et al. 1987

Am. J. Anat.

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Transmission (thin sections and freeze-fracture replicas) and scanning electron microscopy were used to describe the nonparenchymal liver cells during the seven (1-7) stages of metamorphosis in the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus L., when bile ducts and canaliculi degenerate. The biliary atresia is accompanied by an increased diameter of fenestrae in the endothelium, an active phagocytosis by Kupffer cells in the sinusoids, and large lipid inclusions in perisinusoidal lipocytes (fat-storing or Ito cells). Plasma-like cells and foci of nonparenchymal cells (granulomas) are present in the liver interstitium during at least four stages of metamorphosis. The fenestrae in the sinusoidal wall are wider (up to 2.8-micron diameter) than normally reported for vertebrate livers but are likely a reflection of the morphogenetic and physiological events and consequences of the biliary atresia. Kupffer cells are involved in an extensive erythrophagocytosis, the storage of iron, and perhaps the incorporation of cellular components from hepatocytes. Lipocytes are the vitamin A-storing cells of the transforming liver and may be responsible for some perisinusoidal fibrosis. Granulomas are present during stages 3-6 and are focal areas where mononuclear leukocytes (lymphocytes and plasmalike cells), macrophages, and neutrophils have infiltrated the hepatic parenchyma. The function of the granulomas is not known; but their presence may be related to the porous nature of the sinusoidal wall, the tissue degeneration, and/or the physiological change (e.g., bile stasis) during biliary atresia.

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Fine structural and cytochemical aspects of granuloma formation derived from kupffer cells in mice injected with latex particles.

Cited by 8 publications

References 19 publications

Relevance of animal studies in the toxicological assessment of oil and wax hydrocarbons. Solving the puzzle for a new outlook in risk assessment

Relevance of animal studies in the toxicological assessment of oil and wax hydrocarbons. Solving the puzzle for a new outlook in risk assessment

Fine Structural Aspects of the Anterior Necrotic Zone in the Leg Bud of the Chick Embryo

Nonparenchymal liver cells and granulomas during lamprey biliary atresia

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