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Holik, Herbert; Feldmann, Rüdiger

doi:10.1002/3527608257.ch8

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…2 ). Common bleaching agents such as sodium hypochlorite have been widely used for removing residual lignin from the wood pulp (Holik 2006 ). From the scanning electron microscopic observations, the seed coat was scarred with hypochlorite oxidation, so the seed coat was relatively more permeable to water (Lee 2011 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymbiotic germination of Vanilla planifolia in relation to the timing of seed collection and seed pretreatments

2021

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Background Vanilla planifolia is an important tropical orchid for production of natural vanilla flavor. Traditionally, V. planifolia is propagated by stem cuttings, which produces identical genotype that are sensitive to virulent pathogens. However, propagation with seed germination of V. planifolia is intricate and unstable because the seed coat is extremely hard with strong hydrophobic nature. A better understanding of seed development, especially the formation of impermeable seed coat would provide insights into seed propagation and conservation of genetic resources of Vanilla. Results We found that soaking mature seeds in 4% sodium hypochlorite solution from 75 to 90 min significantly increased germination. For the culture of immature seeds, the seed collection at 45 days after pollination (DAP) had the highest germination percentage. We then investigated the anatomical features during seed development that associated with the effect of seed pretreatment on raising seed germination percentage. The 45-DAP immature seeds have developed globular embryos and the thickened non-lignified cell wall at the outermost layer of the outer seed coat. Seeds at 60 DAP and subsequent stages germinated poorly. As the seed approached maturity, the cell wall of the outermost layer of the outer seed coat became lignified and finally compressed into a thick envelope at maturity. On toluidine blue O staining, the wall of outer seed coat stained greenish blue, indicating the presence of phenolic compounds. As well, on Nile red staining, a cuticular substance was detected in the surface wall of the embryo proper and the innermost wall of the inner seed coat. Conclusion We report a reliable protocol for seed pretreatment of mature seeds and for immature seeds culture based on a defined time schedule of V. plantifolia seed development. The window for successful germination of culturing immature seed was short. The quick accumulation of lignin, phenolics and/or phytomelanins in the seed coat may seriously inhibit seed germination after 45 DAP. As seeds matured, the thickened and lignified seed coat formed an impermeable envelope surrounding the embryo, which may play an important role in inducing dormancy. Further studies covering different maturity of green capsules are required to understand the optimal seed maturity and germination of seeds.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymbiotic germination of Vanilla planifolia in relation to the timing of seed collection and seed pretreatments

2021

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“…To stop the fine fraction in paper, the application of aluminium sulfate can be initiated. Aluminium sulfate acts as a coagulant that causes the agglomeration and deposition of fine fraction particles on the fibres 34 . The addition of aluminium sulfate also contributes to the increase in retention and effectiveness of glues, fillers, dyes, and auxiliary chemical agents 35 , 36 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of lignin content in cellulose pulp on paper durability

Małachowska

Dubowik²,

Boruszewski

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Paper degradation on a macroscopic scale is characterised primarily by yellowing, an increase in brittleness, and other destructive changes caused by the hydrolysis of glycoside bonds and oxidation reactions. Until now, lignin has been believed to cause these changes. However, contemporary analysis has not confirmed this assumption and has attributed low paper resistance to ageing with acidification owing to the production in acid environments that involve aluminium sulfate. In view of the common belief this manuscript presents studies on the accelerated ageing of papers with different lignin contents that are produced in neutral environments. To achieve the objective, artificially aged papers under conditions of increased humidity and temperature were investigated using chromatographic (SEC) and spectroscopic (FTIR and UV–Vis spectroscopy) techniques. Mechanical tests were used to determine the decrease in tensile properties of the samples. We observed no effects of the lignin content on the ageing rate of paper produced at neutral pH. This work also reveals the extent to which spectroscopic methods are useful for studying the papers containing lignin.

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“…It is assumed that the life cycle of cellulose fiber in Europe has an average of 3.5 times its use [ 3 , 4 ], although it is possible up to 6 times. Each cycle of paper reuse reduces its quality [ 5 ]. Out of all known paper types, “Kraft liner” is characterized by the best value for money.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Impregnation with Modified Starch of a Paper Core on Bending of Wood-Based Honeycomb Panels in Changing Climatic Conditions

et al. 2022

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The main objective of the study was to determine the effect of impregnation of the paper core with acetylated starch on the mechanical properties and absorbed energy in the three-point bending test of wood-based honeycomb panels under varying temperatures and relative air humidity conditions. Nearly six hundred beams in various combinations, three types of facings, three core cells geometries, and two paper thicknesses were tested. The experiment results and their statistical analysis prove a significant relationship between the impregnation of paper with modified starch and mechanical properties. The most effective in absorbing energy, the honeycomb panels, consisted of a core with a wall thickness of 0.25 mm and a particleboard facing.

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Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Asymbiotic germination of Vanilla planifolia in relation to the timing of seed collection and seed pretreatments

Asymbiotic germination of Vanilla planifolia in relation to the timing of seed collection and seed pretreatments

Influence of lignin content in cellulose pulp on paper durability

Influence of Impregnation with Modified Starch of a Paper Core on Bending of Wood-Based Honeycomb Panels in Changing Climatic Conditions

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