Finite-density QCD, $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry, and exotic phases

Abstract

We study the phase structure of effective models of finite-density QCD using analytic and lattice simulation techniques developed for the study of non-Hermitian and PT -symmetric QFTs. Finitedensity QCD is symmetric under the combined operation of the charge and complex conjugation operators CK, which falls into the class of so-called generalized PT symmetries. We show that PT -symmetric quantum field theories can support patterned ground-state field configurations in the vicinity of a critical endpoint. We apply our methods to a lattice heavy quark model at nonzero chemical potential that displays patterning behavior for a range of parameters. We derive a simple approximate criterion for the formation of these patterns, which can be used with lattice results.