Finite element 3D reconstruction of the pulmonary acinus imaged by synchrotron X-ray tomography

Tsuda, Akira; Filipović, Nenad; Haberthür, David; Dickie, Renee; Matsui, Yasuto; Stampanoni, Marco; Schittny, Johannes C.

doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.90546.2008

Cited by 87 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Specifically, using synchrotron radiation-based X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM), part of an acinus can now be imaged in sufficient detail to allow the construction of an accurate geometric model of a cluster of alveoli [28][29][30]. In the following we describe briefly the process by which the images were made.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Simultaneous Role of an Alveolus as Flow Mixer and Flow Feeder for the Deposition of Inhaled Submicron Particles

Henry¹,

Haber

Haberthür

et al. 2012

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering

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In an effort to understand the fate of inhaled submicron particles in the small sacs, or alveoli, comprising the gas-exchange region of the lung, we calculated the flow in threedimensional (3D) rhythmically expanding models of alveolated ducts. Since convection toward the alveolar walls is a precursor to particle deposition, it was the goal of this paper to investigate the streamline maps' dependence upon alveoli location along the acinar tree. On the alveolar midplane, the recirculating flow pattern exhibited closed streamlines with a stagnation saddle point. Off the midplane we found no closed streamlines but nested, funnel-like, spiral, structures (reminiscent of Russian nesting dolls) that were directed towards the expanding walls in inspiration, and away from the contracting walls in expiration. These nested, funnel-like, structures were surrounded by air that flowed into the cavity from the central channel over inspiration and flowed from the cavity to the central channel over expiration. We also found that fluid particle tracks exhibited similar nested funnel-like spiral structures. We conclude that these unique alveolar flow structures may be of importance in enhancing deposition. In addition, due to inertia, the nested, funnel-like, structures change shape and position slightly during a breathing cycle, resulting in flow mixing. Also, each inspiration feeds a fresh supply of particleladen air from the central channel to the region surrounding the mixing region. Thus, this combination of flow mixer and flow feeder makes each individual alveolus an effective mixing unit, which is likely to play an important role in determining the overall efficiency of convective mixing in the acinus.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Simultaneous Role of an Alveolus as Flow Mixer and Flow Feeder for the Deposition of Inhaled Submicron Particles

Henry¹,

Haber

Haberthür

et al. 2012

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering

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“…Ultrahigh resolution Synchrotron Radiation based X-ray Tomographic Microscopy (SRXTM) enables the study of the functional units of the pulmonary gas exchange area, the so-called acini with unmatched resolution and precision [19,139]. 83 100 µm In this work, three imaging methods based on ultra high resolution tomographic data of the terminal airway were used to answer biological questions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The samples were scanned at a wavelength of 11.5 keV, post processed on a 20-node Linux cluster using filtered backprojection, resulting in an image stack of 2048×2048×2048 pixels with isotropic voxels of 350 nm side length. The samples were visualized in three dimensions using an isosurface computed with Imaris x64 5.72 (Bitplane AG, Switzerland) on an AMD 64-based windows computer [19]. After tomographic image acquisition serial sections of the sample were cut and processed for transmission electron microscopy [17].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tomographic imaging methods with higher resolutions like microComputed Tomography (µCT) [14] and SRXTM [15][16][17][18][19] make it possible to extend the analysis deep into the lung, down to the gas-exchange region.…”

Section: The Mammalian Lungmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lung samples were mounted onto standard scanning electron microscopy sample holders (PLANO GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany) using paraffin [19].…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

High resolution tomographic imaging of the alveolar region of the mammalian lung

Haberthür¹

2010

SciVee

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Synchrotron‐Based Micro‐CT Imaging of the Human Lung Acinus

Litzlbauer

Korbel

Kline

et al. 2010

The Anatomical Record

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Structural data about the human lung fine structure are mainly based on stereological methods applied to serial sections. As these methods utilize 2D images, which are often not contiguous, they suffer from inaccuracies which are overcome by analysis of 3D micro-CT images of the never-sectioned specimen. The purpose of our study was to generate a complete data set of the intact 3-dimensional architecture of the human acinus using high-resolution synchrotron-based micro-CT (synMCT). A human lung was inflation-fixed by formaldehyde ventilation and then scanned in a 64-slice CT over its apex to base extent. Lung samples (8-mm diameter, 10-mm height, n = 12) were punched out, stained with osmium tetroxide, and scanned using synMCT at (4μm)3 voxel size. The lung functional unit (acinus, n = 8) was segmented from the 3D tomographic image using an automated tree-analysis software program. Morphometric data of the lung were analyzed by ANOVA. Intraacinar airways branching occurred over 11 generations. The mean acinar volume was 131.3 ± 29.2 mm3 (range 92.5 – 171.3 mm3) and the mean acinar surface was calculated with 1012 ± 26 cm2. The airway internal diameter (starting from the bronchiolus terminalis) decreases distally from 0.66 ± 0.04 mm to 0.34 ± 0.06 mm (p < 0.001) and remains constant after the 7th generation (p < 0.5). The length of each generation ranges between 0.52 – 0.93 mm and did not show significant differences between the second and 11th generation. The branching angle between daughter branches varies between 113–134° without significant differences between the generations (p < 0.3). This study demonstrates the feasibility of quantitating the 3D structure of the human acinus at the spatial resolution readily achievable using synMCT.

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Finite element 3D reconstruction of the pulmonary acinus imaged by synchrotron X-ray tomography

Cited by 87 publications

References 61 publications

The Simultaneous Role of an Alveolus as Flow Mixer and Flow Feeder for the Deposition of Inhaled Submicron Particles

The Simultaneous Role of an Alveolus as Flow Mixer and Flow Feeder for the Deposition of Inhaled Submicron Particles

High resolution tomographic imaging of the alveolar region of the mammalian lung

Synchrotron‐Based Micro‐CT Imaging of the Human Lung Acinus

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