Finite element analysis and experimental evaluation of penetrating injury through the cornea

Computational analysis for the human eye injury using an experimentally verified anatomical-based model

“…including Uchio et al [10,11], Stitzel et al [12], Rossi et al [13], and Lovald et al [14], have been proposed and employed in the FE simulations of the eye.…”

“…There are four common well-known models of the human eye, including Uchio et al [10,11], Stitzel et al [12], Rossi et al. [13], and Lovald et al [14]. In the model proposed by Uchio, the shape of the sclera which is the most outer component of the eye was extracted from the CT/MRI data whereas the characteristics of the rest of the components, including scleral thinning and the nonlinear cornea, were obtained from the literature [15].…”

“…License Number: 4034620402562 The eye model of Rossi et al[13]. License Number: 4034620402562 The eye model of Lovald et al[14] . License Number: 4034610083093…”

Biomechanics of open-globe injury: a review

“…Penetrating injuries to the eyeball are usually caused by sharp foreign bodies piercing or puncturing the eyeball wall, and the wound is usually located at the point of contact between the foreign body and the eyeball. These wounds can be divided into penetrating injuries of the cornea, corneosclera, and sclera, and usually involve greater damage to the anterior segment [ 21 ]. In addition to the influence of eyeball structure, the risk and location of OGI are also related to certain biomechanical effects.…”

“…Although the cornea and sclera are both part of the eyeball wall, the forces required to penetrate them differ. Lovald [ 21 ] applied pressure to the central cornea of 36 human cadaver eyes at a speed of 1 or 5 mm/s using flat-headed probes of different diameters to measure the force required to penetrate the cornea. The force required positively correlated with the probe diameter.…”