We prove that the localétale fundamental group of a strongly F -regular singularity is finite (and likewise for theétale fundamental group of the complement of a codimension ≥ 2 set), analogous to results of Xu and Greb-Kebekus-Peternell for KLT singularities in characteristic zero. In fact our result is effective, we show that the reciprocal of the F -signature of the singularity gives a bound on the size of this fundamental group. To prove these results and their corollaries, we develop new transformation rules for the F -signature under finiteétale-in-codimension-one extensions. As another consequence of these transformation rules, we also obtain purity of the branch locus over rings with mild singularities (particularly if the F -signature is > 1/2). Finally, we generalize our F -signature transformation rules to the context of pairs and not-necessarilý etale-in-codimension-one extensions, obtaining an analog of another result of Xu.