Fire Evacuation in Metro Stations: Modeling Research on the Effects of Two Key Parameters

Wang, Chen; Song, Yanchao

doi:10.3390/su12020684

Cited by 21 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Mass audience venues with high-density pedestrian flows, rapid oxygen consumption, limited space for movement, and fixed exits are always the research focus in safety evacuation, including railway stations [170], subway stations [15,171], airports [31], hospitals [99,102], schools [108,120], commercial buildings [65], residential buildings [107,128], and public places of entertainment [172][173][174]. Safety evacuation of offshore platforms are one of the frontiers of research and a new branch in offshore engineering to which increasing attention has been paid [122].…”

Section: Evacuation Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Scientometric Research on Applications and Advances of Fire Safety Evacuation in Buildings

Yang

Yao

2023

Fire

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Fire safety evacuation has been used in numerous different kinds of buildings. This research conducts a scientometric review of fire safety evacuation applications and advances in the buildings to clarify the research trends of fire evacuation in the future and provide guidance for relevant research. A total of 3312 journals and conference proceedings were analyzed through different dimensions. The result proves that evacuation environments concentrate mainly on residential building, commercial building, school, and railway station. The characteristics of the evacuee have been gradually refined in recent years, including children, the elderly, patients, and vulnerable groups. The main experimental approaches of fire safety evacuation are evacuation drills, site records, and VR/AR experiments. The crowd behavior models mainly consist of six types: a cellular automata model, a social force model, a lattice gas model, a game-theoretic model, an animal agent-based model, and a computer agent-based model. The analysis results in the theoretical method are becoming gradually closer to the behavioral characteristics and movement data of the crowd during the actual evacuation with improvements of practical considerations. The study of evacuation drills, disaster rescue, emergencies, and other external environmental factors will become the forefront of future research, and subway stations, airports, high-rise building, and other personnel places will be the focus of the study of crowd evacuation.

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Section: Evacuation Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Scientometric Research on Applications and Advances of Fire Safety Evacuation in Buildings

Yang

Yao

2023

Fire

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“…This work focuses on evacuating occupants in different positions to determine optimal evacuation exit. The OPS is used to measure the utilization rate of evacuation passageway and exit [24], and can be expressed as follows:…”

Section: Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal exit choice during highway tunnel evacuations based on the fire locations

Wang

Liu

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

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In the case of a fire, the choice of exit in the highway tunnel is strictly limited by fire location, which seriously affects the evacuation time. A spontaneous or disorderly exit choice might result in a decreased evacuation efficiency and utilization rate of exits. In this paper, we propose a strategy to obtain the optimal exit choice based on fire location during highway tunnel evacuations. In our strategy, first, the vehicle distributions and locations of evacuating occupants are determined in the traffic simulation program VISSIM. The evacuation simulation software BuildingEXODUS is employed to obtain the corresponding parameters of the evacuation process and analyze the impacts of different fire locations on the evacuation time. During the analysis, the optimal productivity statistics (OPS) is selected as the evaluation index. Then, the feature points of the crowding occupants are captured by the fuzzy c-means (FCM) cluster algorithm. Next, based on the feature points, the relationship between the location of the fire and boundary of the optimal exit choice under the optimal OPS is obtained through the polynomial regression model. It is found that the R-squared(R2) and sum of squares for error (SSE) of the polynomial regression model, reflecting the accuracy estimation, are 98.02% and 2.79×10−4, respectively. Moreover, different fire locations impact the evacuation time of tunnel entrance and evacuation passageway. This paper shows that the location of the fire and boundary of optimal exit choice have a negative linear correlation. Taking the fire 110 m away from the evacuation passageway as an example, the OPS of our strategy can be decreased by 35.6% when compared with no strategies. Our proposed strategy could be applied to determine the location of variable evacuation signs to help evacuating occupants make optimal exit choices.

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“…Research found that typical evacuation strategies have been adopted by metro passengers in accidents, for example, ripple evacuation, shortest-path evacuation, herd evacuation, and so on [18]. Furthermore, factors affecting evacuation have also received attention, such as automatic ticket checkers, stair width, walking speed, and so on [19,20]. Secondly, the emergency response process is a research hotspot for metro emergency management, mainly focusing on the detection of underlying conflicts in metro emergency response process with respect to time, order, and resources [6].…”

Section: Metro Emergency Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scenario-Based Allocation of Emergency Resources in Metro Emergencies: A Model Development and a Case Study of Nanjing Metro

Sun

2020

Sustainability

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As metro systems are becoming more and more widely used, all kinds of emergencies happen from time to time. A series of cases indicate that inefficient emergency response is a dominating cause of tremendous casualties and losses. The fast and valid allocation of emergency resources after the occurrence of metro emergencies has become a key point in improving the sustainability of metro operations. However, few studies have attempted to determine the allocation of emergency resources in metro emergencies. In this study, considering the unpredictability of different emergency scenarios in the metro system, the scenario-response mode was applied in the resource allocation decision. In this mode, a metro emergency scenario framework was first constructed through the identification of metro emergency elements. Next, a multi-objective model was established for the allocation of emergency resources in the metro emergency rescue process using a scenario-based analysis. The model aims to minimize both the penalty costs due to delays and the sum of allocation costs. The particle swarm optimization algorithm was adopted to solve the model. Eventually, a fire accident scenario at Nanjing Metro was applied to verify the feasibility and validity of the presented model and algorithm. The research results not only enrich and improve metro emergency management theoretically, but also enhance metro emergency rescue ability in practice.

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Fire Evacuation in Metro Stations: Modeling Research on the Effects of Two Key Parameters

Cited by 21 publications

References 16 publications

A Scientometric Research on Applications and Advances of Fire Safety Evacuation in Buildings

A Scientometric Research on Applications and Advances of Fire Safety Evacuation in Buildings

Optimal exit choice during highway tunnel evacuations based on the fire locations

Scenario-Based Allocation of Emergency Resources in Metro Emergencies: A Model Development and a Case Study of Nanjing Metro

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