Fire extinguishing performance and mechanism for several typical dry water extinguishing agents

Wang, Quan; Wang, Fengqi; Li, Chengxiao; Li, Zhimin; Li, Rui

doi:10.1039/d1ra00253h

Cited by 19 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This vapor again can cool down the temperature of the fire environment and also dilutes the oxygen (in the surroundings) finally leading to the suppression of fire. These facts are also considered in dry powder extinguishers 17,23,24 . However, the efficacy of materials is usually tested on a larger scale before practical utilization.…”

Section: Conceptualization and Development Of Fire Test Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These facts are also considered in dry powder extinguishers. 17,23,24 However, the efficacy of materials is usually tested on a larger scale before practical utilization. As mentioned, all the tests require a larger volume of powder and water, and hence most of the time they remained as a limitation for screening.…”

Section: Conceptualization and Development Of Fire Test Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A simple and economical fire test setup for examining the fire retardancy/extinguishing ability of water additive fire‐retardant materials on class A fires

Bokka,

Ameta,

Achary

et al. 2023

Fire and Materials

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A portable lab scale test setup (1 × 1 × 0.72 m3) with apparatus and procedure has been illustrated to test the fire extinguishability of fire retardant materials (FRMs) as water additives on class A fires. The main objective was to use selected commercial, eco‐friendly FRM powders such as hydroxides, carbonates, and clays as water additive‐based fire extinguishing agents for suppressing solid fires. FRM powders, namely, Mg(OH)2, Ca(OH)2, CaCO3, and MMT‐Clay were added to water and were mist sprayed on a wooden fire (class A) to test their fire‐suppressing ability. A comparison involving tests with only water (without any additives) was also recorded. The solutions made with FRM additives in water showed promising results in suppressing the fire in comparison to systems with only water as an extinguishing agent. Heat sink materials, such as hydroxides and clays depicted commendable performances in retarding the burning process and almost doubled the capability of fire suppression with low loading. Their heat‐absorbing nature resisted the increase in temperature and slowed down the burning process causing an increase in the total burning time of the crib and avoiding reignition. Whereas, carbonates (CaCO3) showed a faster flame out by the release of CO2 gas, which diluted the oxygen content in the surroundings. The article concludes with a discussion of the requirements for the ideal water mist additive‐based fire extinguishing agent and a recommendation that future work include validation of the laboratory‐scale method based on a comparison with full‐scale suppression data for the same additives.

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Section: Conceptualization and Development Of Fire Test Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conceptualization and Development Of Fire Test Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

A simple and economical fire test setup for examining the fire retardancy/extinguishing ability of water additive fire‐retardant materials on class A fires

Bokka,

Ameta,

Achary

et al. 2023

Fire and Materials

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show abstract

“…Another mechanism influencing the effective operation of extinguishing powders is the isolation of the fuel from the oxidant. This mechanism is characteristic of fire-extinguishing powders containing salts of phosphoric acid [18,19]. Such powders are particularly useful in extinguishing fires of solids forming glowing coals, classified as group A, which takes place during the combustion of materials of organic origin.…”

Section: Powder Extinguishing Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Nanotechnology in Extinguishing Agents

2022

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Extinguishing agents are a very important tool in the field of security, both in terms of private and social aspects. Depending on the type of burning substance and place of fire, appropriately prepared and developed solutions should be used. We can distinguish, among others, materials, powders or foaming agents. Modifications introduced into them, including ones based on the achievements in the field of nanotechnology, can improve their safety of use and extend their service life. Such amendments also reduce the costs of production and neutralization of the area after a fire, and increase the fire extinguishing effectiveness. The introduction of nanoparticles allows, e.g., shortening of the fire extinguishing time, reduction of the risk of smoke emission and the toxic substances contained in it, and an increase in the specific surface of particles and thus increasing the sorption of pollutants. The elaborations use metal nanoparticles, e.g., NP-Ag, metal oxides such as NP-SiO2, as well as particles of substances already present in extinguishing agents but treated and reduced to nanosize. It should be noted, however, that all changes must lead to obtaining a tool that meets the relevant legal requirements and has appropriate approvals.

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“…Wang et al used four kinds of fire extinguishing agents to carry out solid and liquid fire extinguishing experiments. The results showed that the new dry water had the ability to extinguish fires of A, B, and C, and the cooling effect was superior to dry powder 10 . Liao explored the inhibition performance of dry water materials on starch cloud combustion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results showed that the new dry water had the ability to extinguish fires of A, B, and C, and the cooling effect was superior to dry powder. 10 Liao explored the inhibition performance of dry water materials on starch cloud combustion. The research showed that the inert inhibition of dry water materials was mainly manifested by the vaporization and heat absorption of water in dry water materials and the heat insulation effect of hydrophobic phase nano silica.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study on the effect of dry water materials on the fire extinguishing efficiency and suppression mechanism of wood crib fire

Chai,

Wang,

Zhu

et al. 2024

Fire and Materials

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Micron‐sized dry water particles assembled from gaseous silica and deionized water were prepared by physical dispersion method, and the effects of two chemical components on the microstructure and fire extinguishing efficiency of dry water materials were analyzed. Three different filling pressures were selected to study their effect on dry water extinguishing efficiency of wood crib fire. The effect of dry water on fire extinguishing efficiency of wood crib was studied by building wood crib of different sizes. The results show that the larger filling pressure inhibits the fire more obviously, but the dry water structure is easy to be damaged. Dry water can adhere to the inside of the wood crib structure and exert its role of cooling and isolating oxygen to inhibit its smoldering under a certain release pressure. With the increase of the size of wood crib, the suppression efficiency of dry water materials on wood crib fire gradually decreases with increasing extinguishing time. The fire extinguishing efficiency of dry water with sodium acetate is improved, but its structure is not stable. By comparing and analyzing the critical combustion rate and oxygen concentration of wood crib, it was found that continuous cooling to reduce the combustion rate and smoldering is the dominant mechanism of dry water on wood crib fire.

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Fire extinguishing performance and mechanism for several typical dry water extinguishing agents

Abstract: Four new dry water fire extinguishing agents (FEAs) were developed by hydrophobic SiO2 and aqueous solution. Among them, dry water FEA with ammonium dihydrogen phosphate has the best extinguishing effect via temperature changes by thermocouples.

Cited by 19 publications

References 12 publications

A simple and economical fire test setup for examining the fire retardancy/extinguishing ability of water additive fire‐retardant materials on class A fires

A simple and economical fire test setup for examining the fire retardancy/extinguishing ability of water additive fire‐retardant materials on class A fires

Application of Nanotechnology in Extinguishing Agents

Experimental study on the effect of dry water materials on the fire extinguishing efficiency and suppression mechanism of wood crib fire

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