Fire Frequency on an Oak-Hickory Ridgetop in the Missouri Ozarks

Cutter, Bruce E.; Guyette, Richard P.

doi:10.2307/2426595

Cited by 77 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…F i e intervals, the number of years between two successive fires in a given area (Agee 1993), at the study sites (Table 2) were more variable but within the range of fire intervals found by others in oak forests in Ohio (Sutherland 1997), Missouri (Guyette and McGinnes 1982, Guyette and Cutter 1991, Cutter and Guyette 1994, Guyette and Cutter 1997, and Arkansas (Jenkins et al 1997). Cwynar (1977) found evidence for 16 fires between 1696 and 1920 in Barron Township (1 8 600 ha in Algonquin Park).…”

Section: Fire Intervalsupporting

confidence: 50%

Anthropogenic fire history and red oak forests in south-central Ontario

Dey¹,

Guyette²

2000

The Forestry Chronicle

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The regeneration and dominance of northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) has been associated with fire throughout eastern North Arnerica. Red oak in central Ontario grows near the northern edge of its distribution in mixed hardwood-coniferous forests under mesic conditions where it competes with more shade-tolerant species. We hypothesized that the abundance of red oak in these stands was largely the result of anthropogenic burning and natural fires, which would favor the regeneration and recruitment of northern red oak over such shade-tolerant species as sugar maple (Acer saccharurn Marsh.). Fire histories dating from the mid-1600s were constructed by dendrochronological methods from fire scars on stumps, trees, and natural remnants of red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.), white pine (Pinus strobus L.), and red oak at six sites in south-central Ontario. Fire histories of the sites are characterized by abrupt changes in fire interval. As much or more variance in fire interval is found within sites as is found among sites. Differences in the mean fue interval among sites are related to the density and migration of historic aboriginal and European populations. The mean fire interval varied from more than 70 years to six years depending on site location and historic period. The occurrence and abundance of red oak is linked to anthropogenic fire regimes.Key words: northern red oak, white pine, fire history, ecology, anthropogenic, fire regime, dendrochronology La rCgCnCration et la dominance du chCne rouge (Quercus rubra L.) ont Ct C associCes au feu dans tout l'est de 1'AmCrique du Nord. Le chCne rouge du centre de I'Ontario croft B proximite de la limite nordique de sa distribution dans des forCts mixtes de feuillus et de coniferes sous des conditions mCsiques oh il entre en compCtition avec des esp8ces plus ombrophiles. Nous avons poser l'hypoth8se que l'abondance du chCne rouge dans ces peuplements Ctait en grande partie le rksultat de feux de forCt anthropogCniques et naturels, qui favoriseraient la r6gCnCration et la croissance du chCne rouge nordique par rapport aux esp8ces ombrophiles comme 1'Crable i i sucre (Acer saccharurn Marsh.). L'historique des feux datant du milieu du XVIIe sikcle a Ct C Ctabli par des mCthodes dendrochronologiques 2 partir des brtilures sur les souches, les arbres et sur les rkmanents naturels de pin rouge (Pinus resinosa Ait.), de pin blanc (Pinus strobus L.) et de chCne rouge dans six stations du centre-sud de YOntario. L'historique des feux sur ces stations est caractCrisC par d'abruptes changement dans les intervalles entre le feux. Une variance semblable et encore plus prononcCe dans l'intervalle entre les feux est retrouvC tant dans les stations qu'entre elles. Les diffkrences dans l'intervalle moyen entre deux feux entre les sites sont reliCes B la densit6 des populations historiques et des migrations d'Autochtones et d'Europtens. L'intemalle moyen entre deux feux variait de plus de 70 ans B six ans selon la localisation de la station et de la +node historique. La presence et l'abonda...

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Section: Fire Intervalsupporting

confidence: 50%

Anthropogenic fire history and red oak forests in south-central Ontario

Dey¹,

Guyette²

2000

The Forestry Chronicle

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“…Cutter and Guyette 1994;Wolf 2004), and are in many ways similar to the fuel-limited fire regimes of some ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa P. & C. Lawson) forests of the American Southwest (Dieterich 1983;Baisan and Swetnam 1990;Swetnam and Baisan 1996). Conditions at an annual scale in these western systems are commonly conducive to burning, and the probability of a fire is heavily influenced by the abundance and connectivity of fuels (Martin 1982).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Tree Establishment During Dry Spells at an Oak Savanna in Minnesota

et al. 2008

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Recent research has challenged the long-standing hypothesis that forests in the Upper Midwest of the United States developed during wetter periods and retreated during dry periods. We explored this debate by examining patterns of tree establishment on an oak savanna in east-central Minnesota within the context of variable moisture availability and fire suppression. We used superposed epoch analyses (SEA) to evaluate the mean moisture conditions for a 21-year window surrounding tree establishment dates. Before effective fire suppression , 24 of 42 trees with pith dates (62%) grew to 30-cm height during dry years (Palmer Drought Severity Index , 21), versus only 5 of 42 (12%) that established in wet years (PDSI . 1). Significantly more trees established during dry periods (negative PDSI values) than would be expected with the proportion of wet-to-dry years (x 2 5 10.738, df 5 1, p-value 5 0.001). Twenty of the complete sample of 74 trees with pith dates (27%) established during drought in the 1930s. We hypothesize that dry conditions limited plant productivity, which in turn decreased competition between grasses and tree seedlings and reduced rates of accumulation of fine fuels, enabling seedlings to grow tall enough to resist subsequent fires. We recommend SEA as a methodological approach to compare historical climate conditions with the timing of regeneration success in other regions of forest expansion.

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“…These regions differ significantly in terms of the time of occupation by collared lizards, and therefore in the likelihood of having attained equilibrium conditions, and in climatic and vegetative history. Because the main impediment to dispersal by collared lizards is vegetation (Templeton et al 1990;Templeton 1996), particularly dense forest undergrowth associated with fire prevention by European settlers (Beilmann and Brenner 1951;Kimmel and Probasco 1980;Cutter and Guyette 1994), regional differences in vegetative history, and fire frequency are important factors affecting regional differences in interactions between gene flow and drift.…”

Section: Testing the Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of Pairwise Genetic and Geographic Distance Measures: Inferring the Relative Influences of Gene Flow and Drift on the Distribution of Genetic Variability

1999

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Abstract.-Attempts to relate estimates of regional F ST to gene flow and drift via Wright's (1931) equation F ST = 11(4Nm + 1) are often inappropriate because most natural sets of populations probably are not at equilibrium (McCauley 1993), as assumed by the island model upon which the equation is based, or ineffective because the influences of gene flow and drift are confounded in the product Nm. Evaluations of the association between genetic (F ST ) and geographic distances separating all pairwise populations combinations in a region allows one to test for regional equilibrium, to evaluate the relative influences of gene flow and drift on population structure both within and between regions, and to visualize the behavior of the association across all degrees of geographic separation. Tests of the model using micro satellite data from 51 populations of eastern collared lizards (Crotaphytus collaris collaris) collected from four distinct geographical regions gave results highly consistent with predicted patterns of association based on regional differences in various historical and ecological factors that affect the amount of drift and gene flow. The model provides a prerequisite for and an alternative to regional F ST analyses, which often simply assume regional equilibrium, thus potentially leading to erroneous and misleading inferences regarding regional population structure.Key words.-Correlations, Crotaphytus collaris, F-statistics, gene flow, genetic distance, Mantel's test, population structure, random genetic drift.Received March 24, 1998. Accepted June I, 1999.It is notoriously difficult to assess the individual effects of gene flow and drift on regional population structure. Traditional attempts to relate estimates of regional F ST to gene flow and drift via Wright's (1931) equation F ST = 1I(4Nm + 1) are often inappropriate because most natural sets of populations probably are not at equilibrium (McCauley 1993), as is assumed by the island model upon which the equation is based. Furthermore, the influences of gene flow and drift on regional population structure are confounded in the product Nm.In this paper we discuss a method that allows one to test for regional equilibrium before applying Wright's equation or other models that assume such a pattern. Although Nand m remain a product under this approach, it does permit evaluation of the relative historical influences of gene flow and drift on regional population structure by comparing the observed relationship between the genetic (F ST ; Reynolds et al. 1983) and geographic distances separating pairs of populations in a region (Nei 1972;Hartl and Clark 1989;Tilley et al. 1990) with those expected under a stepping-stone model of population structure (Kimura 1953;Malecot 1955;Kimura and Weiss 1964). Further refinement of the analysis is possible by taking into consideration various historical and ecological factors characteristic of a region as they pertain to the amount of drift and gene flow affecting the organisms under study. Finally, it is also p...

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Fire Frequency on an Oak-Hickory Ridgetop in the Missouri Ozarks

Cited by 77 publications

References 7 publications

Anthropogenic fire history and red oak forests in south-central Ontario

Anthropogenic fire history and red oak forests in south-central Ontario

Tree Establishment During Dry Spells at an Oak Savanna in Minnesota

Correlation of Pairwise Genetic and Geographic Distance Measures: Inferring the Relative Influences of Gene Flow and Drift on the Distribution of Genetic Variability

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