Fire, leaf harvest, and abiotic factors drive demography of an ecologically and culturally important understory plant

Hart-Fredeluces, Georgia; Ticktin, Tamara

doi:10.1002/ecs2.2813

Cited by 5 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 96 publications

(257 reference statements)

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“…In our vital rate models, leaf harvest had both a positive effect on vegetative reproduction and negative effect on survival (Hart-Fredeluces & Ticktin, 2019). When these effects were scaled up to the population level through our stochastic simulations, we found that harvest had positive or neutral effects; harvest increased population growth in the context of a 10-year (low-severity) fire return interval, but did not significantly affect population growth with little or no fire.…”

Section: Influence Of Cultural Leaf Harvest On Population Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Models and values incorporated into the integral projection models. Best-supported models were chosen with AIC (see Hart-Fredeluces & Ticktin, 2019) The first number refers to the overall residual variance of the regression model. This number is then multiplied by the variance covariates for the non-seedling growth models, which were added after inspection of residuals.…”

Section: Ta B L Ementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soil moisture, measured in late May or early June, was lowest and canopy openness highest in high-severity plots. Low-severity plots had canopy openness values intermediate of high-severity and unburned plots, and had the highest soil moisture levels, though soil moisture was only slightly greater than in unburned plots (Hart-Fredeluces & Ticktin, 2019). Flowering was a covariate in the vegetative reproduction and in the number of new vegetative ramets produced models (Table 1).…”

Section: Ta B L Ementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on previous findings that fire increases beargrass individual growth and reproduction (Hart-Fredeluces & Ticktin, 2019;Shebitz et al, 2009), we hypothesized that 'business as usual' or fire return intervals of greater than 100 years would not allow for population persistence (stochastic population growth rate, λ s < 1), with or without leaf harvest, but that a fire return interval of 10 years or less would be sufficient for population persistence (λ s > 1). We further hypothesized that leaf harvest would increase population growth (λ s > 1) across fire scenarios given that it has been shown to increase vegetative reproduction (Hart-Fredeluces & Ticktin, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simulated Indigenous fire stewardship increases the population growth rate of an understorey herb

2020

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1. Understanding how plant populations respond to multiple drivers is increasingly critical for biodiversity conservation under global change. Indigenous knowledge can provide guidance for sustainable management, but the outcome of its application in novel ecosystems is rarely known. Simulating the re-introduction of Indigenous stewardship in contemporary contexts with population models allows for the comparison of different management scenarios and the elucidation of the mechanisms driving population outcomes. 2. Beargrass Xerophyllum tenax is an ecologically and culturally important understorey plant managed through fire and leaf harvest by Native Americans. We collected demographic and abiotic data on beargrass over 3 years across fire severities in nine populations and conducted an experiment to simulate Native American leaf gathering. These data were used to build integral projections models (IPMs) with soil moisture and light availability as covariates. With these IPMs, we simulated stochastic population growth rates across future fire and leaf harvest scenarios. We then decomposed our simulation results using stochastic life table response experiments (SLTREs). 3. The 'no fire' and 'business as usual' (180-year fire return interval, 58% probability of high-severity fire) scenarios resulted in lower population growth rates than 'Indigenous fire stewardship' (10-year fire return interval, 10% chance of high-severity fire). SLTREs revealed that Indigenous stewardship led to higher beargrass population growth rates due to greater fire frequency, higher adult survival and increased vegetative reproduction. Fire also interacted with harvest in the simulations; leaf harvest increased population growth rate only in combination with Indigenous fire stewardship. 4. Synthesis. Stochastic and retrospective population dynamics tools combined with an understanding of Indigenous management practices allow for the comparison of future socio-ecological scenarios as well as mechanistic understanding of differences between scenarios. Simulated Indigenous stewardship supported the long-term persistence of X. tenax populations while business as usual and no fire did not. The benefits of Indigenous stewardship to population dynamics, and the complexity of interactive effects of multiple drivers, provide further impetus for collaboration across Indigenous and western knowledge systems. Xerophyllum tenax is presented as a model system to explore the influence of Indigenous stewardship, or its absence, on population dynamics. IPM matrix component Underlying regression models and values Model main effects and interactions, and constant rates a Random effects structure e Non-seedlings s(x, θ) Probability of survival (nonseedlings), binomial error, logit link Year 0-1: fire-severity class, canopy openness × log size Year 1-2: fire-severity class, log size Year 2-3: fire-severity class × log size, leaf harvest × log size Plot within site g(y, x, θ) Growth (non-seedlings), Gaussian error Year 0-1: fire-severity class × log size Year 1-...

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Section: Influence Of Cultural Leaf Harvest On Population Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Ta B L Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ta B L Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simulated Indigenous fire stewardship increases the population growth rate of an understorey herb

2020

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“…Additionally, it has been significant for medicinal use in homeopathic remedies treating constipation, dysmenorrhea, and skin irritations [ 6 ]. Research on its congener, X. tecta , indicates that culturally relevant management of the landscape through indigenous fire stewardship and leaf harvest for weaving positively impacts demographic processes and changes in long term practices result in population declines [ 7 , 8 ]. Cryopreservation has been used for seed and shoot tip conservation, providing long-term storage [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ], and is considered to be the best long-term approach to preserving endangered species [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seed Cryopreservation, Germination, and Micropropagation of Eastern Turkeybeard, Xerophyllum asphodeloides (L.) Nutt.: A Threatened Species from the Southeastern United States

Issac

Kuriakose

Leung

et al. 2021

Plants

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Xerophyllum asphodeloides (Xerophyllaceae), known as eastern turkeybeard, is an herbaceous perennial found in eastern North America. Due to decline and destruction of its habitat, several states rank X. asphodeloides as “Imperiled” to “Critically Imperiled”. Protocols for seed cryopreservation, in vitro germination, sustainable shoot micropropagation, shoot establishment in soil, and seed germination are presented. Seeds from two tested sources were viable after 20 months of cryopreservation. Germination of isolated embryos in vitro was necessary to overcome strong seed dormancy. Shoot multiplication and elongation occurred on ½ MS medium without PGRs. Shoots rooted in vitro without PGRs or with 0.5 mg/L NAA or after NAA rooting powder treatment and placement in potting mix. When planted in wet, peaty soil mixes, shoots grew for two months and then declined. When planted in a drier planting mix containing aged bark, most plants continued growth. In the field, plant survival was 73% after three growing seasons. Safeguarding this species both ex situ and in situ is possible and offers a successful approach to conservation. Whole seeds germinated after double dormancy was overcome by incubation under warm moist conditions for 12 weeks followed by 12 weeks cold at 4 °C and then warm.

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Blending Indigenous and western science: Quantifying cultural burning impacts in Karuk Aboriginal Territory

Greenler,

Lake,

Tripp

et al. 2024

Ecological Applications

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The combined effects of Indigenous fire stewardship and lightning ignitions shaped historical fire regimes, landscape patterns, and available resources in many ecosystems globally. The resulting fire regimes created complex fire–vegetation dynamics that were further influenced by biophysical setting, disturbance history, and climate. While there is increasing recognition of Indigenous fire stewardship among western scientists and managers, the extent and purpose of cultural burning is generally absent from the landscape–fire modeling literature and our understanding of ecosystem processes and development. In collaboration with the Karuk Tribe Department of Natural Resources, we developed a transdisciplinary Monte Carlo simulation model of cultural ignition location, frequency, and timing to simulate spatially explicit cultural ignitions across a 264,399‐ha landscape within Karuk Aboriginal Territory in northern California. Estimates of cultural ignition parameters were developed with Tribal members and knowledge holders using existing interviews, historical maps, ethnographies, recent ecological studies, contemporary maps, and generational knowledge. Spatial and temporal attributes of cultural burning were explicitly tied to the ecology of specific cultural resources, fuel receptivity, seasonal movement patterns, and spiritual practices. Prior to colonization, cultural burning practices were extensive across the study landscape with an estimated 6972 annual ignitions, averaging approximately 6.5 ignitions per Indigenous fire steward per year. The ignition characteristics we document align closely with data on historical fire regimes and vegetation but differ substantially from the location and timing of contemporary ignitions. This work demonstrates the importance of cultural burning for developing and maintaining the ecosystems present at the time of colonization and underscores the need to work collaboratively with Indigenous communities to restore ecocultural processes in these systems.

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Fire, leaf harvest, and abiotic factors drive demography of an ecologically and culturally important understory plant

Cited by 5 publications

References 96 publications

Simulated Indigenous fire stewardship increases the population growth rate of an understorey herb

Simulated Indigenous fire stewardship increases the population growth rate of an understorey herb

Seed Cryopreservation, Germination, and Micropropagation of Eastern Turkeybeard, Xerophyllum asphodeloides (L.) Nutt.: A Threatened Species from the Southeastern United States

Blending Indigenous and western science: Quantifying cultural burning impacts in Karuk Aboriginal Territory

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