Firearm Violence: A Global Priority for Nursing Science

Richmond, Therese S.; Foman, Matthew

doi:10.1111/jnu.12421

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…9 10 Physical injury resulting from both road trauma and firearms has been recognized as a global health priority, as RTIs account for 1.35 million deaths and 50 million injuries annually. [11][12][13] Guatemala is among the top six countries for firearm-related homicides, which together account for 50.5% of the global toll from firearms along with Brazil, the USA, Mexico, Colombia, and Venezuela. 10 Its mortality rate from firearms was measured to be 32.3 per 100 000 people in 2016, compared with 10.6 per 100 000 in the USA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing and implementing a practical prehospital emergency trauma care curriculum for lay first responders in Guatemala

Delaney

Figueroa

Eisner

et al. 2020

Trauma Surg Acute Care Open

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BackgroundInjury disproportionately affects low-income and middle-income countries, yet robust emergency medical services are often lacking to effectively address the prehospital injury burden. A half-day prehospital emergency trauma care curriculum was designed for first responders and piloted in the Sacatepéquez, Chimaltenango, and Escuintla departments in Guatemala.MethodsThree hundred and fifty-four law enforcement personnel, firefighters, and civilians volunteered to participate in a 5-hour emergency care course teaching scene safety, triage, airway management, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, fracture management, and victim transport. A validated 26-question pretest/post-test study instrument was contextually adapted and used to measure overall test performance, the primary study outcome, as well as test performance stratified by occupation, the secondary study outcome. Pretest/post-test score distributions were compared using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test. For test evaluation, knowledge acquisition on a by-question and by-category basis was examined using McNemar’s χ² test, whereas item difficulty indices used frequency-of-distribution tests and item discrimination indices used point biserial correlation.ResultsTwo hundred and eighty-seven participants qualified for inclusion. Participant mean pretest versus post-test scores improved 24 percentage points after course completion (43% vs 68%, p<0.001). Cronbach’s alpha yielded values of 0.86 (pretest) and 0.94 (post-test), suggesting testing instrument reliability. Between-group analyses demonstrated law enforcement and civilian participants improved more than firefighters (p<0.001). Performance on 23 of 26 questions improved significantly. All test questions except one showed an increase in their PPDI.DiscussionA 1-day, contextually adapted, 5-hour course targeting laypeople demonstrates significant improvements in emergency care knowledge. Future investigations of similar curricula should be trialed in alternate low-resource settings with increased civilian participation to evaluate efficacy and replicability as adequate substitutes for longer courses. This study suggests future courses teaching emergency care for lay first responders may be reduced to 5 hours duration.Level of evidenceLevel II.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing and implementing a practical prehospital emergency trauma care curriculum for lay first responders in Guatemala

Delaney

Figueroa

Eisner

et al. 2020

Trauma Surg Acute Care Open

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“…As far as accidental firearm-related injuries are concerned, special attention should be paid in particular to children. Keeping a firearm locked and unloaded can significantly decrease risk for unintentional injury and suicide in youth (Grossman et al in Richmond and Foman, 2019). It is crucial, therefore, that adult firearm owners should create a safe environment in cases where firearms are kept in families with children.…”

Section: Storage Of Weaponsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Handling Weapons as a Source of Security Threats in the Local Environment

Muženič

2023

Danube

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The main purpose of our presentation is to show the possible sources of endangering the safety of weapons handling in violation of the rules of special care. We want to shed light on the security risks posed by the actual use of weapons around local communities. Namely, the general position has been adopted, according to which weapons are by their nature a dangerous thing, which, if misused, poses a direct threat to life, health and safety of people and public order. Injuries and deaths due to the use of firearms are a serious public health issue in many countries. Accidental deaths and injuries due to the use of firearms represent a small but significant proportion of all deaths and injuries related to the use of firearms. The victim, however, can be either the shooter himself or a random individual. The causes lie mainly in the incompetence, carelessness, and recklessness, and often the presence of alcohol also contributes to weapons accidents. The article thus focuses primarily on the analysis of security threats arising from the execution of shootings on civilian shooting ranges, shooting ranges or land used by individuals and shooting organizations and in hunting grounds. These areas are generally located within local communities, which can pose a serious security risk to local communities. It should be noted that limited access to weapons, in conjunction with appropriate regulation, is the most effective measure to reduce the number of injuries and deaths related to weapons.

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“…The matrix has been widely used in the prevention of traffic crashes, for instance, seat belts protect the people in the car (i.e., victim), better headlights, brakes and airbags improve the safety of the vehicle (i.e., agent), and speed bumps, roundabouts, and guardrails improve the safety of the environment (i.e., social and physical environment) (Hemenway, 2009). Given the success in traffic safety specifically, scholars have more recently began to apply the framework to the study of firearm violence (Abaya et al, 2019;Kaufman & Richmond, 2020;Ranney et al, 2017) to better understand the epidemiology, risk, and protective factors of firearm violence across each domain (Richmond & Foman, 2019). For example, the physical and social environment includes This is the author's manuscript of the article published in final edited form as: Magee, L. A.…”

Section: Public Health Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Homicide Studies. https://doi.org/10.1177/10887679211047162 improving neighborhood lighting, neighborhood development, gunshot monitoring systems (e.g., ShotSpotter), rapid access to trauma care and engagement of the community (Bulger et al, 2019;Richmond & Foman, 2019), however, few studies have utilized data on fatal and nonfatal shootings to examine both the physical and social environment to better understand the epidemiology and differences in gunshot wound mortality across neighborhoods.…”

Section: Public Health Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Mortality Rates of Gunshot Victims: The Influence of Neighborhood Social Processes

Magee

2021

Homicide Studies

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Firearm violence is considered a public health crisis in the United States. Firearm violence spatially concentrates within neighborhoods and is associated with community factors; however, little is understood about the geographic differences in gunshot wound mortality and associated neighborhood social processes. Applying a public health approach through the Haddon’s Matrix, the results demonstrate systematic differences in social and physical features associated with gunshot mortality. These findings have important implications to improve neighborhood physical and social conditions, police transporting gunshot victims, and police-public health partnerships to improve data collection on nonfatal shootings and shots fired.

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Firearm Violence: A Global Priority for Nursing Science

Cited by 15 publications

References 91 publications

Designing and implementing a practical prehospital emergency trauma care curriculum for lay first responders in Guatemala

Designing and implementing a practical prehospital emergency trauma care curriculum for lay first responders in Guatemala

Handling Weapons as a Source of Security Threats in the Local Environment

Differences in Mortality Rates of Gunshot Victims: The Influence of Neighborhood Social Processes

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