Firefighting of subsurface coal fires with comprehensive techniques for detection and control: a case study of the Fukang coal fire in the Xinjiang region of China

Tan, Bo; Zhang, Feichao; Zhang, Qingsong; Wei, Hongyi; Shao, Zhuangzhuang

doi:10.1007/s11356-019-06129-3

Cited by 57 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In the above formula, the values of γ and θ are constant, and the relationship between pressure and the pore diameter is as follows: where r is the pore radius; D is the pore diameter; L is the pore length, m; γ is the surface tension of mercury, 484 erg/cm; θ is the contact angle, 140°; p is the pressure, kgf/cm 2 ; S is the pore surface area, m 2 ; and ΔV is volume change in the injected mercury, m 3 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Experimental Study on the Physisorption Characteristics of O2 in Coal Powder are Effected by Coal Nanopore Structure

Tan¹,

Cheng²,

Zhu³

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Bo tan , Gang cheng ✉ , Xiaoman Zhu & Xianbing Yang coal is a porous medium. oxygen molecules in the air penetrate through the pores of coal and are adsorbed on the coal surface. Low-temperature oxidation of coal then occurs, by which coal spontaneous combustion is promoted. Given this process, the authors analysed the physisorption characteristics of o 2 in pulverized coal from the perspective of nanopore structure. In this study, five different kinds of coal samples (two lignites, one bituminous coal, and two anthracites) were selected, and the surface morphology, pore structure parameters and oxygen physisorption capacity of the pulverized coals were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and oxygen adsorption with chromatography (OAC), respectively. The experimental results of SEM and MIP show that with the development of coal, the surface folds increase, and the pores increase in number and shrink, which leads to the nanopores of anthracite and bituminous coal being smaller and more complex than those of lignite. The experimental results of OAC show that adsorbed oxygen is physisorbed by pulverized coal in the order lignite > bituminous coal > anthracite. Analysis of the oxygen desorption curves shows that the oxygen desorption rates of the anthracites and bituminous coal are slower than those of the lignites. The results show that the amount of oxygen physisorbed by pulverized coal is proportional to the fractal dimension of the coal pores, proportional to the pore volume of the nanoscale pores, and inversely proportional to the number of closed pores in the coal. Based on the results of the analyses mentioned above, it is important to analyse the process of coal-oxygen chemisorption and the mechanism for low-temperature oxidation of coal to prevent coal spontaneous combustion. The confirmed worldwide reserves of coal stood at approximately 1,055 billion tons in 2018. The United States, Russia, Australia and China together accounted for 66.1% of the world's coal reserves 1. During mining, storage and transportation, coal can undergo spontaneous combustion, resulting in a huge waste of resources and economic losses in the United States and China per annum. The initial stage of coal spontaneous combustion involves coal low-temperature oxidation, in which oxygen permeates into the coal through pores, then physisorbs and chemisorbs with the functional groups on the coal surface, and adsorption heat is generated and accumulated 2,3 , as shown in Fig. 1. Coal is a porous medium, and the pore structure of coal varies with coal development 4 ; therefore, oxygen diffusion in coal pores and adsorption on coal surfaces are also different 5. The significance of the coal low-temperature oxidation mechanism in the physisorption, chemisorption and diffusion of oxygen in coal nanopores has been studied. In this paper, all oxygen adsorption involved physisorption. Scholars from various countries have performed much work on the influencing factors of coal low-temperature oxidati...

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confidence: 99%

Experimental Study on the Physisorption Characteristics of O2 in Coal Powder are Effected by Coal Nanopore Structure

Tan¹,

Cheng²,

Zhu³

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Generally, the height of a coal bunker is about 30–50 m, and the “chimney effect” will appear. The increase in coal temperature will in turn accelerate the oxidation–reduction reaction of coal, which will cause the coal temperature to continue to rise. − In addition, coal bunker fires generally occur inside the bunker, and the location is relatively hidden.…”

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confidence: 99%

Research on Initial Prevention of Spontaneous Combustion in Coal Bunkers Based on Fire-Extinguishing and Fireproof Inerting

Tan

Zhang

et al. 2022

ACS Omega

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Coal bunkers are relatively closed systems. Due to their own oxidation characteristics and the increase of temperature, spontaneous combustion will occur beyond the spontaneous combustion period. Moreover, spontaneous combustion of coal bunkers is a disaster caused by multifield coupling, so it is imperative to carry out inerting fire prevention and fire extinguishing. Based on this fact, combined with the actual situation in Huanghua Port, this paper establishes a two-dimensional geometric model of a coal bunker, selects CO2 as the inert gas sprayed in the coal bunker, determines the position of the inert gas port of the coal bunker hopper, and studies the influence of fireproof and fire-extinguishing inerting on coal bunker inerting. The results show that the arrangement of the inert gas port of the bunker hopper outside the bunker is more conducive to the diffusion of CO2 gas in the bunker. In about 35–41 days, the inerting temperature decreases slowly between 345 and 350 K. After 41 days, the maximum temperature of the coal bunker decreases rapidly and the spontaneous combustion of the coal bunker is completely controlled. Under the preset conditions, the best fire inerting time is 32.3 days after coal storage.

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“…Coal spontaneous combustion disasters have caused serious waste of resources and even casualties. Its governance has always been a hot issue of research [3][4][5].…”

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confidence: 99%

Preparation of CO₂/N₂ cryogenic slurry and its pipeline flow characteristics

et al. 2021

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It was proposed to use CO2/N2 to effectively prevent and control Class A solid spontaneous fires such as coal. The preparation process of CO2/N2 cryogenic slurry pipeline and its pipeline flow characteristics were studied. The temperature field, pressure field and phase change characteristic changed during the transportation of the CO2/N2 mixture in the pipeline are analyzed by numerical simulation. The results showed that: the fluid in the pipeline exchanged heat and started to contact at a position of 0.1m in the pipeline. The temperature first rapidly dropped to the lowest temperature of 103K, and then the fluids in the range of 0.1m to 0.3m were fully mixed, and the temperature rised to 164K. The temperature was consistent with the equilibrium state in the pipe, and the temperature was gentle and stable; the pressure in the pipe was on the whole downward trend, and each position along the main pipe produced a positive pressure difference relative to the end of the pipe. The closer to the mixing place, the greater the corresponding pressure difference; During the mixing process, LN2 was acted as a cold source to sublime CO2 to form dry ice particles. And through the cryogenic fluid mixing experiment, the temperature distribution in the pipeline, range of the dry ice particle generation position, and the dry ice particle generation phenomenon was measured. The results showed that the mixing was completed within 0.8 m of the pipeline, and the temperature in the tube rised to 168K and remain stable. The data were basically consistent. And dry ice particles generated at the temperature of 194.5K, and a diffuse gas cloud formed at the outlet with the momentum of the jet.

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Firefighting of subsurface coal fires with comprehensive techniques for detection and control: a case study of the Fukang coal fire in the Xinjiang region of China

Cited by 57 publications

References 22 publications

Experimental Study on the Physisorption Characteristics of O2 in Coal Powder are Effected by Coal Nanopore Structure

Experimental Study on the Physisorption Characteristics of O2 in Coal Powder are Effected by Coal Nanopore Structure

Research on Initial Prevention of Spontaneous Combustion in Coal Bunkers Based on Fire-Extinguishing and Fireproof Inerting

Preparation of CO₂/N₂ cryogenic slurry and its pipeline flow characteristics

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Firefighting of subsurface coal fires with comprehensive techniques for detection and control: a case study of the Fukang coal fire in the Xinjiang region of China

Cited by 57 publications

References 22 publications

Experimental Study on the Physisorption Characteristics of O2 in Coal Powder are Effected by Coal Nanopore Structure

Experimental Study on the Physisorption Characteristics of O2 in Coal Powder are Effected by Coal Nanopore Structure

Research on Initial Prevention of Spontaneous Combustion in Coal Bunkers Based on Fire-Extinguishing and Fireproof Inerting

Preparation of CO2/N2 cryogenic slurry and its pipeline flow characteristics

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Product

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About

Preparation of CO₂/N₂ cryogenic slurry and its pipeline flow characteristics