First Case of Staphylococci Carrying Linezolid Resistance Genes from Laryngological Infections in Poland

Michalik, Michał; Kosecka-Strojek, Maja; Wolska, Mariola; Samet, Alfred; Podbielska‐Kubera, Adrianna; Międzobrodzki, Jacek

doi:10.3390/pathogens10030335

Cited by 7 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…Aside from methicillin resistance, resistance to linezolid (one of the last resort antimicrobial agents) was reported in one MRSA-ST2328 isolate of wild boar [ 18 ] and two MRSA-ST22/ST88 isolates of monkeys [ 47 ]; although transferable linezolid resistance genes were not detected in these isolates, mutation and insertion in L22 and L4 ribosomal proteins, respectively, were detected [ 47 ] ( Supplementary Table S1 ). The detection of linezolid-resistant S. aureus isolates carrying the ribosomal mutation, which confers a very high resistance level for linezolid, is relevant, although it has no capacity for horizontal transference [ 68 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wild Animals Are Reservoirs and Sentinels of Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA Clones: A Problem with “One Health” Concern

et al. 2021

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Background: The availability of comprehensive data on the ecology and molecular epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus/MRSA in wild animals is necessary to understand their relevance in the “One Health” domain. Objective: In this study, we determined the pooled prevalence of nasal, tracheal and/or oral (NTO) Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) carriage in wild animals, with a special focus on mecA and mecC genes as well as the frequency of MRSA and methicillin susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) of the lineages CC398 and CC130 in wild animals. Methodology: This systematic review was executed on cross-sectional studies that reported S. aureus and MRSA in the NTO cavities of wild animals distributed in four groups: non-human primates (NHP), wild mammals (WM, excluding rodents and NHP), wild birds (WB) and wild rodents (WR). Appropriate and eligible articles published (in English) between 1 January 2011 to 30 August 2021 were searched for from PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, SciElo and Web of Science. Results: Of the 33 eligible and analysed studies, the pooled prevalence of NTO S. aureus and MRSA carriage was 18.5% (range: 0–100%) and 2.1% (range: 0.0–63.9%), respectively. The pooled prevalence of S. aureus/MRSA in WM, NHP, WB and WR groups was 15.8/1.6, 32.9/2.0, 10.3/3.4 and 24.2/3.4%, respectively. The prevalence of mecC-MRSA among WM/NHP/WB/WR was 1.64/0.0/2.1/0.59%, respectively, representing 89.9/0.0/59.1/25.0% of total MRSA detected in these groups of animals.The MRSA-CC398 and MRSA-CC130 lineages were most prevalent in wild birds (0.64 and 2.07%, respectively); none of these lineages were reported in NHP studies. The MRSA-CC398 (mainly of spa-type t011, 53%), MRSA-CC130 (mainly of spa types t843 and t1535, 73%), MSSA-CC398 (spa-types t571, t1451, t6606 and t034) and MSSA-CC130 (spa types t843, t1535, t3625 and t3256) lineages were mostly reported. Conclusion: Although the global prevalence of MRSA is low in wild animals, mecC-mediated resistance was particularly prevalent among MRSA isolates, especially among WM and WB. Considering the genetic diversity of MRSA in wild animals, they need to be monitored for effective control of the spread of antimicrobial resistance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wild Animals Are Reservoirs and Sentinels of Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA Clones: A Problem with “One Health” Concern

et al. 2021

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“…On the other hand, in S. aureus, LR develops only after prolonged treatment. The extreme plasticity of the CoNS genome, due to the presence of a large number of insertion sequences and other mobile genetic elements, could explain the rapid development of LR [10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The MRSA isolate had a linezolid MIC of 3 µg ml −1 (phenotypically susceptible), was negative for the cfr gene and mutation was not found in 23S rRNA, although this isolate was positive for the optrA and poxtA genes and exhibited mutations in L3 (T314C and G362A) and L4 (C575T) ribosomal proteins. In contrast, the S. haemolyticus isolate was positive for the cfr gene with an MIC of 6 µg ml −1 and was negative for all other resistance mechanisms [10].…”

Section: Lrsh Isolatesmentioning

confidence: 92%

Multiple mechanisms of linezolid resistance in Staphylococcus haemolyticus detected by whole-genome sequencing

Manoharan

Sawant

Prashanth

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Introduction. Linezolid is an effective therapeutic option for treating severe infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-positive organisms. Several mechanisms have been reported to be responsible for resistance to this antibiotic. Hypothesis or Gap Statement. Although several mechanisms of linezolid resistance have been reported in Staphylococcus haemolyticus , the prevalence and potential for horizontal transfer of resistance genes have not been fully characterized, particularly among S. haemolyticus isolates from India. Aim. To perform whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of linezolid-resistant S. haemolyticus isolates to characterize the resistance mechanisms. Methodology. WGS was performed for 16 linezolid-resistant S. haemolyticus isolates to check for the presence of cfr, optrA and poxtA genes and mutations in 23S rRNA and ribosomal proteins (L3, L4 and L22) that are possible mechanisms implicated in linezolid resistance. Sequence types were identified using MLST finder. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of linezolid was determined using the E-test method. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out for the detection of the cfr gene. Results. The study documented three different mechanisms of linezolid resistance in S. haemolyticus . Thirteen of the 16 isolates were phenotypically resistant to linezolid, of which 12 were positive for the cfr gene. The G2603T mutation in 23S rRNA was found in the majority of the isolates (n=13). Ten isolates had the R138V mutation in L3 ribosomal protein. Twelve isolates with the cfr gene in combination with either G2603T or R138V mutations displayed extremely high MIC values. Surprisingly, three phenotypically sensitive isolates were found to be positive for the cfr gene but negative for other resistance mechanisms. Importantly, in almost half of the isolates the cfr gene was present on a plasmid. ST3 and ST1 were found to be the predominant sequence types. Conclusion. All phenotypically resistant isolates exhibited two or three linezolid resistance mechanisms. The cfr gene was found on plasmids in many isolates, demonstrating its potential for horizontal transfer to more pathogenic organisms.

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“…Only one isolate carried the cfr gene alone and lacked any mutations, which is similar to the observations made in previous studies. 2,13 In this study, of the three patients who had infection with LRSH, two patients underwent wound debridement and ray amputation for removal of nidus of infection and source control. Though these patients were treated with beta lactam antibiotics and fluoroquinolone, they recovered and were discharged from the hospital.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 It has an inherent ability to acquire and maintain exogenous genetic material or mobile genetic elements that encode for antimicrobial resistance. 2 Hence, they are often multidrug resistant exhibiting resistance to antimicrobial classes such as beta lactams, macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramins and more recently display reduced susceptibility to glycopeptides and oxazolidinones. 3 Linezolid is a synthetic bacteriostatic drug, belonging to oxazolidinone class of antibiotics and is active against various multidrug-resistant gram-positive pathogens, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococci and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of a Novel G2603T Mutation in cfr Harboring Linezolid-Resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus: First Report from India

2022

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Background Staphylococcus haemolyticus has emerged as an important multidrug-resistant nosocomial pathogen. Linezolid is useful in the treatment of severe infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococci. Resistance to linezolid in Staphylococci is due to one or more of the following mechanisms: acquisition of the cfr (chloramphenicol florfenicol resistance) gene, mutation in the central loop of domain V of the 23S rRNA, and mutation in the rplC and rplD genes. This study was carried out to detect and characterize resistance to linezolid among the clinical isolates of Staphylococcus haemolyticus. Materials and Methods The study included 84 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus haemolyticus. Susceptibility to various antibiotics was determined by disc diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by agar dilution method for linezolid. Methicillin resistance was screened using oxacillin and cefoxitin disc. Polymerase chain reaction was done to detect mecA, cfr and mutations in the V domain of the 23S rRNA gene. Results Resistance to linezolid was exhibited by 3 of the 84 study isolates with MIC more than 128 µg/mL. The cfr gene was detected in all the three isolates. The G2603T mutation was observed in the domain V of the 23S rRNA among two isolates, whereas one isolate lacked any mutation. Conclusion The emergence and spread of linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus isolates carrying G2603T mutation in the domain V of the 23S rRNA and harboring the cfr gene pose a threat in clinical practice.

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First Case of Staphylococci Carrying Linezolid Resistance Genes from Laryngological Infections in Poland

Cited by 7 publications

References 90 publications

Wild Animals Are Reservoirs and Sentinels of Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA Clones: A Problem with “One Health” Concern

Wild Animals Are Reservoirs and Sentinels of Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA Clones: A Problem with “One Health” Concern

Multiple mechanisms of linezolid resistance in Staphylococcus haemolyticus detected by whole-genome sequencing

Detection of a Novel G2603T Mutation in cfr Harboring Linezolid-Resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus: First Report from India

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