First cases of herbicide resistance of Tripleurospermum inodorum in the Czech Republic

Abstract

Scentless mayweed (Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch. Bip.) is a competitive weed in the disturbed and agricultural areas of Europe, including the Czech Republic (Štrobach and Mikulka 2019). This weed is difficult to manage, particularly in cereals such as winter wheat and winter rape (Nadtochii 2009, Reiss et al. 2018. Since this weed germinates at almost the same time to that of the crop and produces high biomass, it significantly affects the yield of these crops (Adamczewski et al. 2014). The prevalence of this weed is mostly due to minimum or no-tillage systems. In general, scentless mayweed is well controlled by the most widely used herbicides in cereals, especially inhibitors of enzyme acetolactate synthase (ALS) such as active ingredients tribenuron, pyroxsulam or florasulam (Majcen et al. 2013, Jursík et al. 2018. Some herbicides, such as carfentrazone, pendimethalin, and growth regulator-inhibiting herbicides, were found to be less effective against this weed. Pre-emergence herbicides containing metazachlor, dimetachlor and pethoxamide usually give the most effective scentless mayweed control in winter rape. In case of control failure or the absence of preemergent treatment, herbicides containing clopyralid, picloram and halauxifen (synthetic auxins) can be applied after emergence during autumn or spring (Jursík et al. 2018).Acetolactate synthase is a vital enzyme involved in the synthesis of the branched-chain amino acids valine, leucine and isoleucine (Duggleby and Pang 2000). Since the first cases of resistance against ALSinhibiting herbicides, there has been a continuous rise