First data on Eurasian wild boar response to oral immunization with BCG and challenge with a Mycobacterium bovis field strain

Ballesteros, Cristina; Garrido, Joseba M.; Vicente, Joaquı́n; Romero, Beatriz; Galindo, Ruth C.; Minguijón, E.; Villar, Margarita; Martín-Hernando, M.P.; Sevilla, Iker A.; Juste, Ramón A.; Aranaz, Alicia; Fuente, José de la; Gortázar, Christian

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.08.095

Cited by 71 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…However, the effective and efficient field vaccination of wildlife species requires the development of stable and speciesspecific baits as delivery vehicles for oral vaccines (Brauer et al 2006;Ballesteros et al 2007) and designing appropriate baiting strategies (Vos et al 2008). In Spain, controlled vaccination trials are being conducted to eventually use wildlife vaccination as a disease management tool for Aujeszky's disease and bTB (Ballesteros et al 2009c). Additionally, we developed oral baits suitable to deliver pharmaceuticals to free-living wild boar, and developed techniques to improve specificity and uptake rate in overabundant wild boar populations (Ballesteros et al 2009a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specificity and success of oral-bait delivery to Eurasian wild boar in Mediterranean woodland habitats

et al. 2010

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Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa) is an important reservoir host for pathogens affecting humans and domestic animals. The eradication of these diseases may require the development of control strategies that reduce pathogen transmission between wildlife and domestic animals. Baiting for oral vaccine delivery is often considered for wildlife disease control. The effective and efficient field vaccination of wildlife requires species-specific baits as delivery vehicles for oral vaccines and designing appropriate baiting strategies. The objective of this study was to determine the proportion of young and adult wild boar and non-target animals that consumed baits containing a chemical marker, iophenoxic acid (IPA), in delivery trials conducted in summer in four different sites in the Mediterranean region of Spain where wild boar are abundant. The proportion of wild boar showing IPA markers in serum in autumn ranged from 11.5% to 56.4%. When attending to age classes, 12.6% to 72.7% of young individuals presented IPA. The results evidenced that the percent of wild boar that ingested the baits varied among study sites and age classes. Placing baits inside selective cages (for juveniles) and under heavy pavel stones (for adults) contributed to improve age specificity in bait consumption. We suggest ways for improving the age specificity of bait delivery systems used for young and adult wild boar.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specificity and success of oral-bait delivery to Eurasian wild boar in Mediterranean woodland habitats

et al. 2010

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“…Wild boar (Sus scrofa) is the main wild reservoir of TB in Spain (1); therefore, recent research has focused on immune responses in this species and the protection conferred after oral immunization with BCG and a prototype based on a heat-inactivated M. bovis preparation (4,33,34). Target animals for vaccination are 3-to 4-month-old piglets (28,32) (an age usually achieved by early summer).…”

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Assessment of an Oral Mycobacterium bovis BCG Vaccine and an Inactivated M. bovis Preparation for Wild Boar in Terms of Adverse Reactions, Vaccine Strain Survival, and Uptake by Nontarget Species

Beltrán‐Beck

Romero

Sevilla

et al. 2013

Clin. Vaccine Immunol.

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Wildlife vaccination is increasingly being considered as an option for tuberculosis control. We combined data from laboratory trials and an ongoing field trial to assess the risk of an oral Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine and a prototype heat-inactivated Mycobacterium bovis preparation for Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa). We studied adverse reactions, BCG survival, BCG excretion, and bait uptake by nontarget species. No adverse reactions were observed after administration of BCG (n ‫؍‬ 27) or inactivated M. bovis (n ‫؍‬ 21). BCG was not found at necropsy (175 to 300 days postvaccination [n ‫؍‬ 27]). No BCG excretion was detected in fecal samples (n ‫؍‬ 162) or in urine or nasal, oral, or fecal swab samples at 258 days postvaccination (n ‫؍‬ 29). In the field, we found no evidence of loss of BCG viability in baits collected after 36 h (temperature range, 11°C to 41°C). Camera trapping showed that wild boar (39%) and birds (56%) were the most frequent visitors to bait stations (selective feeders). Wild boar activity patterns were nocturnal, while diurnal activities were recorded for all bird species. We found large proportions of chewed capsules (29%) (likely ingestion of the vaccine) and lost baits (39%) (presumably consumed), and the proportion of chewed capsules showed a positive correlation with the presence of wild boar. Both results suggest proper bait consumption (68%). These results indicate that BCG vaccination in wild boar is safe and that, while bait consumption by other species is possible, this can be minimized by using selective cages and strict timing of bait deployment.

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“…Although no local wildlife isolates of spoligotype SB0295 or related spoligotypes were registered in the national database, we do not disregard the possibility of wildlife acting as a source of infection. In the Mediterranean habitats of central and southern Spain, wild boars and other ungulates are overabundant, with only little fencing being practiced (4,20). Nowadays, cattle farms undergo strict control measures; however, extensive herd management is still widespread in Spain, and wildlife is known to intrude into livestock habitats despite fencing.…”

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Limitations of Spoligotyping and Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Typing for Molecular Tracing of Mycobacterium bovis in a High-Diversity Setting

et al. 2011

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First data on Eurasian wild boar response to oral immunization with BCG and challenge with a Mycobacterium bovis field strain

Cited by 71 publications

References 37 publications

Specificity and success of oral-bait delivery to Eurasian wild boar in Mediterranean woodland habitats

Specificity and success of oral-bait delivery to Eurasian wild boar in Mediterranean woodland habitats

Assessment of an Oral Mycobacterium bovis BCG Vaccine and an Inactivated M. bovis Preparation for Wild Boar in Terms of Adverse Reactions, Vaccine Strain Survival, and Uptake by Nontarget Species

Limitations of Spoligotyping and Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Typing for Molecular Tracing of Mycobacterium bovis in a High-Diversity Setting

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