First detection and full genomic analysis of Canine Circovirus in CPV-2 infected dogs in Colombia, South America

Abstract

Canine Circovirus (CanineCV) is an emerging virus which since its first report in USA in 2012, it has been described worldwide. It was the second mammalian circovirus species identified in dogs and its role in canine enteritis is still being uncertain as much as its association in disease with the Canine Parvovirus-2 (CPV-2). Here, we aim to confirm for the first time the presence of CanineCV in Colombia and to develop phylogenetic evolutive analyses of CanineCV in CPV-2 positive animals. DNA from samples were extracted and PCR, full genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis was performed to detect and characterize CanineCV. From a total of 30 CPV-2 positive samples, 16.6% (n = 5) were positives for CanineCV. Sequencing analysis of Colombian CanineCV wild-type strains displayed high identity to each other (99.5–99.7% nt; 99.7% aa). The full genome phylogenetic analysis confirmed that worldwide reported CanineCV strains were separated into four distinct genotypes in addition to a European origin of the South American CanineCV strains. This study demonstrated the importance of continue surveillance of emerging viruses in canine populations and confirm for the first time the circulation and origin of CanineCV in Colombia.

Detection and molecular characterization of two canine circovirus genotypes co-circulating in Vietnam

“…This study reports the first identification of CanineCV in Vietnam and provides evidence of CanineCV circulation in Vietnamese dogs. The CanineCV genome was detected in CPV-2-positive fecal samples at an incidence of 19.8%, which is higher than those reported in Germany (13.0%) and South America (16.6%) (Anderson et al, 2017;Giraldo-Ramirez et al, 2020). The incidence of CanineCV detected from this study varied in the Northern, Central and Southern areas of Vietnam.…”

“…The CanineCV-1 genotype has been identified in dogs, wolves and a badger from the USA, Europe and China, which corresponds to the Cosmopolitan genotype proposed by Giraldo-Ramirez et al (2020). The CanineCV-2, -3, and -4 genotypes are reported in Asia, including China and Thailand (Niu et al, 2020;Urbani et al, 2020), and this classification agrees with the China, Asia-I, and Asia-II genotypes reported by Giraldo-Ramirez et al (2020). Additionally, the CanineCV-5 genotype has been detected only in the arctic foxes and red foxes in Norway (Urbani et al, 2020).…”

“…The CanineCV was first detected in serum samples collected from dogs in the USA (Kapoor et al, 2012). Subsequently, the virus has been reported in dogs in Italy, Germany, Thailand, Taiwan, Argentina, China, Brazil, and Colombia (Decaro et al, 2014;Giraldo-Ramirez et al, 2020;Hsu et al, 2016;Kotsias et al, 2019;Li et al, 2013;Piewbang et al, 2018b;Sun et al, 2019;Weber et al, 2018). CanineCV is considered to be the second, non-human mammalian circovirus.…”

“…Recently, CanineCV has been divided into five genotypes (CanineCV-1, -2, -3, -4, and -5) (Urbani et al, 2020). The CanineCV-1 genotype has been identified in dogs, wolves and a badger from the USA, Europe and China, which corresponds to the Cosmopolitan genotype proposed by Giraldo-Ramirez et al (2020). The CanineCV-2, -3, and -4 genotypes are reported in Asia, including China and Thailand (Niu et al, 2020;Urbani et al, 2020), and this classification agrees with the China, Asia-I, and Asia-II genotypes reported by Giraldo-Ramirez et al (2020).…”

“…Since viral isolation in vitro has not been successful, knowledge on the pathogenesis of CanineCV infection in dogs remains poorly understood. However, CanineCV has been considered as a cause of enteritis and is frequently identified in dual infections attributed to canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2) (Hsu et al, 2016;Thaiwong et al, 2016;Giraldo-Ramirez et al, 2020), leading to an increased mortality rate (Anderson et al, 2017). Therefore, it has been suggested that CanineCV likely acts in synergy with other infectious agents in the development of disease.…”