First detection and genetic analysis of fox‐origin porcine circovirus type 2

Song, Tao; Zhang, Shoucong; Hao, Jianxiang; Xin, Shuyang; Hui, Weirong; Tang, Menghu; Li, Wenao; Tian, Rui; Liu, Xuanfu; Pan, Rui; Ren, Hai; Wang, Chunfang; Fu, Qiyuan; Ma, Zhihong

doi:10.1111/tbed.13004

Cited by 22 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…When we compared the BLV infection rate among the 6 test areas, we observed that the highest infection rate was in Yangon region (58.70%) and the lowest was in Kayin State (24.44%). The BLV infection rate among the cattle of Myanmar reported in this study was higher than that reported in some Asian countries: Philippines (4.8-9.7%) [28] and India (27.9%) [36]. However, the BLV infection rate in this study was close to or lower than that in Korea (42.16%) [29], Thailand (58.74%) [32], and China (49.11%) [46].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 72%

“…The results of this study are more accurate than that from our earlier study on BLV strains isolated from Nay Pyi Taw Union Territory, which detected only genotype-10 in Myanmar [33]. This study also demonstrated that the three BLV genotypes, genotype-1, genotype-6 and genotype-10, were similar to those identified in the neighboring countries of Myanmar [32,36,45,46]. Interestingly, the BLV strains belonging to genotype-6 clustered into 3 subgenotypes and the BLV strains belong to the subtype-6a had distinct nucleotide and amino acid substitutions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…Therefore, the gp51 region has been widely used for BLV genotyping and phylogenetic studies for the identification of viral strains isolated from different geographical regions. Globally, at least 11 different genotypes have been identified [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If samples are collected from different parts of the country, more genotypes might be detected. Moreover, there is a need to examine the diversity of BLV in Myanmar, as three BLV genotypes (genotype-1, genotype-6, and genotype-10) have been recorded in the countries neighboring Myanmar; genotype-1, genotype-6, and genotype-10 in Thailand [32], genotype-6 and genotype-10 in China [45,46], and genotype-6 in India [36]. In this study, we examined the detailed epidemiological information on the prevalence of BLV in Myanmar using BLV-CoCoMo-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay [39,47].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New evidence of bovine leukemia virus circulating in Myanmar cattle through epidemiological and molecular characterization

Moe

Polat²,

Borjigin³

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the etiological agent of enzootic bovine leukosis, which is the most common neoplastic disease of cattle. BLV infects cattle worldwide and causes serious problems for the cattle industry. In this study, we examined the prevalence of BLV infection and the distribution of BLV genotypes in cattle in the northern, central, and southern parts of Myanmar. The prevalence of BLV infection among Myanmar cattle (37.04%) in this study was markedly higher than the prevalence (9.1%) observed in our earlier study in which BLV was detected from the limited number of cattle only from a small area of Myanmar. Phylogenetic analysis of partial env-gp51 sequence of the isolated BLV strains revealed that there are at least three BLV genotypes (genotype-1, genotype-6, and genotype-10) in Myanmar, which have also been detected in the neighboring countries. We performed this study to estimate the BLV proviral load, which is a major diagnosis index for determining the virus transmission risk. The cattle of the three test regions with warm, wet, and humid climatic conditions (upper Sagaing, Yangon, and Kayin) exhibited a high mean proviral load, while cattle of three other regions with low annual rainfall and very high temperature (Mandalay, Magway, and upper Bago) exhibited a low mean proviral load. Further, the level of proviral load and the prevalence of BLV infection in Myanmar native cattle (N = 235) were lower than that in the hybrid cattle (Holstein Friesian × Myanmar native) (N = 62). We also observed that the cattle with high risk for BLV transmission, which have high proviral load, may enhance the BLV infection rate. Hence, to control BLV transmission, it is necessary to eliminate these cattle with high-risk for BLV transmission and to diagnose BLV provirus in cattle in the remaining regions/states of Myanmar sharing a boundary with neighboring countries.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New evidence of bovine leukemia virus circulating in Myanmar cattle through epidemiological and molecular characterization

Moe

Polat²,

Borjigin³

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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“…In recent years, cases of infections due to porcine pathogens (such as Hepatitis E virus, Pseudorabies virus) have progressively in minks and foxes (41)(42)(43)(44). PCV2 was also reported in minks, foxes, and raccoon dogs with diarrhea or reproductive failure in China (45)(46)(47). Interestingly, the samples were tested negative for common pathogens (such as Mink enteritis virus, Canine distemper virus, Coronavirus, Rotavirus, or Astrovirus) of minks and foxes, indicating that PCV2 was also an important pathogen contributing to the clinical diseases of minks and foxes.…”

Section: Pcvs In Caninesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reservoirs of Porcine Circoviruses: A Mini Review

Zhai

Wei

et al. 2019

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Porcine circovirus (PCV) is one of the smallest known DNA viruses in mammals. At present, PCVs are divided into three species, PCV1, PCV2, and PCV3. PCV1 and PCV2 were found in the 1970s and the 1990s, respectively, whereas PCV3 was discovered recently in 2016. PCV1 does not cause diseases in pigs. However, PCV3, similar to PCV2, is reported to be associated with several swine diseases, including porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS) and reproductive failure. PCVs are very common in domestic pigs as well as wild boars. However, PCVs have been occasionally isolated from non-porcine animals, including ruminants (such as cattle, goats, wild chamois, and roe deers), rodents (such as NMRI mice, BALB/c mice, Black C57 mice, ICR mice, Mus musculus, and Rattus rattus), canines (such as dogs, minks, foxes, and raccoon dogs), insects (such as flies, mosquitoes, and ticks), and shellfish. Moreover, PCVs are frequently reported in biological products, including human vaccines, animal vaccines, porcine-derived commercial pepsin products, and many cell lines. PCVs are also abundant in the environment, including water samples and air samples. Interestingly, PCV1 and/or PCV2 antibody or antigen has also been detected in sera, stool samples and respiratory swab samples of human, revealing zoonotic potential of PCVs. Thus, PCVs inhabit many types of reservoirs. In this review, we summarize the reservoirs of PCVs, and this information would be helpful in understanding the natural circulating status and possible cross-species transmission of PCVs.

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