First detection of benthic cyanobacteria in Lake Baikal producing paralytic shellfish toxins

Белых, О. И.; Тихонова, И. В.; Kuzmin, Anton V.; Sorokovikova, Ekaterina; Федорова, Г. А.; Ханаев, И. В.; Sherbakova, T. A.; Тимошкин, О. А.

doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.08.015

Cited by 40 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Proliferations of toxin-producing benthic cyanobacteria are being reported with increasing frequency in lakes, ponds, and rivers worldwide [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Most studies have focused on identifying the causative species and toxin, and knowledge on spatial and temporal variability in toxin concentrations is limited [ 1 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Abundance of Toxic Genotypes Is a Key Contributor to Anatoxin Variability in Phormidium-Dominated Benthic Mats

Wood

Puddick

2017

Marine Drugs

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The prevalence of benthic proliferations of the anatoxin-producing cyanobacterium Phormidium are increasing in cobble-bed rivers worldwide. Studies to date have shown high spatial and temporal variability in anatoxin concentrations among mats. In this study we determined anatoxin quotas (toxins per cell) in field samples and compared these results to the conventionally-used concentrations (assessed per dry weight of mat). Three mats were selected at sites in two rivers and were sampled every 2–3 h for 24–26 h. The samples were lyophilized and ground to a fine homogenous powder. Two aliquots of known weights were analyzed for anatoxin congeners using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, or digital droplet PCR with Phormidium-specific anaC primers to measure absolute quantities of gene copies. Anatoxin concentrations in the mats varied 59- and 303-fold in the two rivers over the study periods. A similar pattern was observed among gene copies (53- and 2828-fold). When converted to anatoxin quotas there was markedly less variability (42- and 16-fold), but significantly higher anatoxin quotas were observed in mats from the second river (p < 0.001, Student’s t-test). There were no obvious temporal patterns with high and low anatoxin concentrations or quotas measured at each sampling time and across the study period. These results demonstrate that variability in anatoxin concentrations among mats is primarily due to the abundance of toxic genotypes. No consistent modulation in anatoxin production was observed during the study, although significant differences in anatoxin quotas among rivers suggest that site-specific physiochemical or biological factors may influence anatoxin production.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Abundance of Toxic Genotypes Is a Key Contributor to Anatoxin Variability in Phormidium-Dominated Benthic Mats

Wood

Puddick

2017

Marine Drugs

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“…Amplification of the sxtA gene fragment has been used in published studies for the identification of various saxitoxin-producing cyanobacteria in fresh waters [ 21 ], including Lake Baikal [ 8 , 10 ]. Extracted DNA of the cyanobacteria Aphanizomenon gracile was taken as a positive control [ 11 , 16 ], and DNA of Synechococcus Bal 9710 was used as a negative control as this species does not contain the sxtA gene. The PCR, cloning and sequencing reactions were performed as described elsewhere [ 11 , 16 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extracted DNA of the cyanobacteria Aphanizomenon gracile was taken as a positive control [ 11 , 16 ], and DNA of Synechococcus Bal 9710 was used as a negative control as this species does not contain the sxtA gene. The PCR, cloning and sequencing reactions were performed as described elsewhere [ 11 , 16 ]. Data were analyzed with the Mega 7.0 software package (Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA, 2016) [ 34 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As for freshwater bodies, saxitoxin and its analogues in them are produced by cyanobacteria. Saxitoxin and its analogues produced by cyanobacteria were formerly found in eutrophic and hot environments, but during the last decade, they have also been found in many freshwater bodies of different trophic status worldwide, including temperate and arctic climatic zones [ 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Safety regulations for saxitoxin and its analogues in freshwater bodies have been introduced in a few countries [ 12 ], and many governments have already agreed to implement monitoring of saxitoxins in freshwater, since they evidently create a risk for human health [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extensive Contamination of Water with Saxitoxin Near the Dam of the Irkutsk Hydropower Station Reservoir (East Siberia, Russia)

Грачев

Zubkov

Тихонова

et al. 2018

Toxins

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An area of discolored water 50 m wide and 30 m long was found in September 2017 close to the dam of the Irkutsk hydroelectric power station. Water from this spot was sampled for investigation in the present study. Microscopic analysis revealed that the suspended matter in the sample was composed of clumps of filaments, vegetative cells, akinetes and heterocysts that formed short filaments and solitary cells. This matter was found to consist of partially degraded cells of the cyanobacterium Dolichospermum lemmermannii. Nucleotide sequencing of DNA isolated from the biomass revealed the presence of the sxtA gene which is involved in the synthesis of saxitoxin. Water from the polluted area contained 600 ± 100 μg L−1 saxitoxin as measured by HPLC-MS with pre-column modification of the toxin with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. Immunoassay analysis (ELISA) showed a concentration of saxitoxins in the water of 2900 ± 900 μg L−1. Hydrochemical and microbiological analyses suggested the contaminated area appeared as a result of a D. lemmermannii bloom, followed by its decay and release of saxitoxin and nutrients. The present paper describes the results of a case study. Better understanding of the phenomenon will depend on the possibility to perform implementation of a large-scale monitoring program.

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“…The plankton samples from Barguzin Bay contained STX and NEO; those from Kurkut Bay -STX and decarbamoylated derivatives of gonyautoxins, dcGTX1/4 and dcGTX2/3 (Lake Baikal, August 2010) (Belykh at el., 2015). In benthic biofilms (settlements of Listvyanka and Bolshiye Koty, September 2015), eight variants with different toxicity (STX, NEO, dcGTX1/4, dcGTX2/3, GTX5, dсSTX, dcNEO, and doGTX2/4) were detected (Belykh et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of neosaxitoxin in biota of Lake Baikal: preliminary observations

Kuzmin

Белых

Тихонова

et al. 2020

LFWB

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Benthic biofilms, macrocolonies and net plankton samples collected in summer from well warmed-up bays and shallow waters of Lake Baikal during the mass development of cyanobacteria were studied. The contents of saxitoxin and neosaxitoxin were determined by means of liquid chromatography mass spectrometry in the form of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine derivatives. The production of paralytic shellfish toxins and the saxitoxin/neosaxitoxin ratio depend on the species of cyanobacteria were also determined. Nowadays, the planktonic and benthic cyanobacteria of Lake Baikal can be considered as a natural source of neosaxitoxin only for research purposes. However, with obtaining cultured strains among the studied species, they can be used soon as producers.

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First detection of benthic cyanobacteria in Lake Baikal producing paralytic shellfish toxins

Cited by 40 publications

References 21 publications

The Abundance of Toxic Genotypes Is a Key Contributor to Anatoxin Variability in Phormidium-Dominated Benthic Mats

The Abundance of Toxic Genotypes Is a Key Contributor to Anatoxin Variability in Phormidium-Dominated Benthic Mats

Extensive Contamination of Water with Saxitoxin Near the Dam of the Irkutsk Hydropower Station Reservoir (East Siberia, Russia)

Determination of neosaxitoxin in biota of Lake Baikal: preliminary observations

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