First Experimental Study of the Influence of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Multipotent Stromal Cells on Osseointegration of Dental Implants

Abstract

Herein, the aim was to study the state of the bone tissue adjacent to dental implants after the use of extracellular vesicles derived from multipotent stromal cells (MSC EVs) of bone marrow origin in the experiment. In compliance with the rules of asepsis and antiseptics under general intravenous anesthesia with propofol, the screw dental implants were installed in the proximal condyles of the tibia of outbred rabbits without and with preliminary introduction of 19.2 μg MSC EVs into each bone tissue defect. In 3, 7, and 10 days after the operation, the density of bone tissue adjacent to different parts of the implant using an X-ray unit with densitometer was measured. In addition, the histological examinations of the bone site with the hole from the removed device and the soft tissues from the surface of the proximal tibial condyle in the area of intra-bone implants were made. It was found out that 3 days after implantation with the use of MSC EVs, the bone density was statistically significantly higher by 47.2% than after the same implantation, but without the injection of MSC EVs. It is possible that as a result of the immunomodulatory action of MSC EVs, the activity of inflammation decreases, and, respectively, the degree of vasodilation in bones and leukocyte infiltration of the soft tissues are lower, in comparison with the surgery performed in the control group. The bone fragments formed during implantation are mainly consolidated with each other and with the regenerating bone. Day 10 demonstrated that all animals with the use of MSC EVs had almost complete fusion of the screw device with the bone tissue, whereas after the operation without the application of MSC EVs, the heterogeneous histologic pattern was observed: From almost complete osseointegration of the implant to the absolute absence of contact between the foreign body and the new formed bone. Therefore, the use of MSC EVs during the introduction of dental implants into the proximal condyle of the tibia of rabbits contributes to an increase of the bone tissue density near the device after 3 days and to the achievement of consistently successful osseointegration of implants 10 days after the surgery.

Osteogênese associada a terapia celular com finalidade na implantodontia: uma revisão de literatura

“…Outra forma de se aplicar a engenharia de tecidos a implantodontia é por meio do trabalho na superfície dos implantes. Para o pesquisador Americano Laird, et al, (2020) o revestimento da superfície de titânio liofilizando com solução nanoplex contendo 1% que foram submetidos ao uso de vesículas extracelulares derivadas de células estromais multipotentes de origem da medula óssea concluiu que essa terapêutica contribui para o aumento da densidade ósseo nos dispositivos, desenvolvendo uma osseointegração consistente nos implantes 10 dias após a operação (MAIBORODIN, et al, 2021).…”

“…As vesículas extracelulares são estruturas de até 50 nanômetros formadas por uma bicamada lipídica que apresenta em seu interior várias moléculas. Quando liberadas no exterior da célula de origem, essas alteraram o ambiente em que se encontram e podem se ligar a outras células quando dispostas a membrana de uma célula-alvo, ativando assim, os seus receptores de superfície para iniciar o processo de internalização, entregando seu conteúdo para desencadeando alterações citológicas (MAIBORODIN, et al, 2021).…”

Morphology of the Myocardium after Experimental Bone Tissue Trauma and the Use of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Mesenchymal Multipotent Stromal Cells

“…Day 10 demonstrated that all animals with the use of MSC EVs had an almost complete fusion of the screw device with the bone tissue, while after the operation without the application of MSC EVs, the heterogeneous histologic pattern was observed, from almost complete osseointegration of the implant to the absolute absence of contact between the foreign body and the newly formed bone. Therefore, the use of MSC EVs during the introduction of dental implants into the proximal condyle of the tibia of rabbits contributes to an increase in the bone tissue density near the device after 3 days and to the achievement of consistently successful osseointegration of implants 10 days after the surgery [28].…”