First Identification and Characterization of Lactococcus garvieae Isolated from Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Cultured in Mexico

Ortega, Claudio Bravo; Irgang, Rute; Valladares-Carranza, Benjamín; Collarte, Constanza; Avendaño‐Herrera, Rubén

doi:10.3390/ani10091609

Cited by 29 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The clinical presentation, gross and microscopic lesions, bacteriological and molecular analyses were similar across the infected farms indicating a multi‐facility and multi‐county outbreak of L. garvieae in California. Moreover, they were similar to previous reports of L. garvieae infection in rainbow trout in several other countries (Balta & Balta, 2019; Ortega et al., 2020; Shahi et al., 2017; Vendrell et al., 2006).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The distribution of inflammatory and necrotizing lesions and the presence of intra‐histiocytic coccoid bacteria is consistent with previous reports of lactococcosis in trout (Eldar & Ghittino, 1999). Lesions considered most specific for L. garvieae infection were panopthalmitis, epicarditis and coelomitis/peritonitis with fat necrosis (Eldar & Ghittino, 1999; Ortega et al., 2020). Changes in experimentally infected trout fingerlings were consistent but less severe than those seen in the naturally infected fish.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Genetic fingerprinting has been frequently used as a robust epidemiological tool to type bacterial fish pathogens including L. garvieae (Ortega et al., 2020; Ravelo et al., 2003; Romalde, 2005). In our study, REP‐PCR genetic fingerprinting of isolates from the four Californian outbreaks revealed a homogeneous pattern, suggesting that the L. garvieae isolates recovered from rainbow trout belong to a single clone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The nervous system, including the eyes, and remaining visceral organs were spared (Figure 8). other countries (Balta & Balta, 2019;Ortega et al, 2020;Shahi et al, 2017;Vendrell et al, 2006).…”

Section: In Vivo Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Isolation and characterization ofLactococcus garvieaefrom rainbow trout, Onchorhyncus mykiss, from California, USA

Shahin

Veek

Heckman

et al. 2021

Transbounding Emerging Dis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lactococcus garvieae is an emergent bacterial pathogen of salmonid fish in North America that causes acute infections particularly at water temperatures above 15°C. During 2020, L. garvieae was detected in rainbow trout, Onchorhyncus mykiss, cultured in Southern California and the Eastern Sierras. Infected fish exhibited high mortalities and nonspecific clinical signs of lethargy, erratic swimming, dark skin pigmentation, and exophthalmia. Macroscopic changes included external and internal hemorrhages, mainly in the eyes, liver, coelomic fat, intestine, and brain. Histological examination revealed splenitis, branchitis, panophthalmitis, hepatitis, enteritis, and coelomitis, with variable degrees of tissue damage among evaluated fish. Pure colonies of L. garvieae were isolated from infected trout and specific PCR primers for L. garvieae confirmed the preliminary diagnosis. Multilocus sequence analysis showed that the strains recovered from diseased trout represent a novel genetic group. Isolates were able to form biofilms within 24 h that increased their resistance to disinfection by hydrogen peroxide. Laboratory challenge methods for inducing lactococcosis in steelhead trout, O. mykiss, were evaluated by intracoelomic injection with serial dilutions of L. garvieae. The median lethal dose 21 days post challenge was ∼20 colony‐forming units/fish. Experimentally infected trout presented similar clinical signs, gross changes, and microscopic lesions as those with natural disease, fulfilling Koch's postulates and demonstrating the high virulence of the recovered strains.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: In Vivo Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Isolation and characterization ofLactococcus garvieaefrom rainbow trout, Onchorhyncus mykiss, from California, USA

Shahin

Veek

Heckman

et al. 2021

Transbounding Emerging Dis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Lactococcosis, caused by L. garvieae , is a systemic hyperacute bacterial disease causing general hemorrhagic symptoms in susceptible aquatic organisms [ 24 , 25 ]. Based on their ability to agglutinate serum raised against L. garvieae , there are two groups of bacterial serotypes: non-agglutinating (KG−) and agglutinating (KG+) phenotypes [ 26 ].…”

Section: Diseases Caused By Lactococcus Members In Aquaculturementioning

confidence: 99%

Lactococcosis a Re-Emerging Disease in Aquaculture: Disease Significant and Phytotherapy

Soltani

Baldisserotto

Shekarabi

et al. 2021

Veterinary Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lactococcosis, particularly that caused by Lactococcus garvieae, is a major re-emerging bacterial disease seriously affecting the sustainability of aquaculture industry. Medicinal herbs and plants do not have very much in vitro antagonism and in vivo disease resistance towards lactococcosis agents in aquaculture. Most in vitro studies with herbal extractives were performed against L. garvieae with no strong antibacterial activity, but essential oils, especially those that contain thymol or carvacrol, are more effective. The differences exhibited by the bacteriostatic and bactericidal functions for a specific extractive in different studies could be due to different bacterial strains or parts of chemotypes of the same plant. Despite essential oils being shown to have the best anti-L. garvieae activity in in vitro assays, the in vivo bioassays required further study. The extracts tested under in vivo conditions presented moderate efficacy, causing a decrease in mortality in infected animals, probably because they improved immune parameters before challenging tests. This review addressed the efficacy of medicinal herbs to lactococcosis and discussed the presented gaps.

show abstract

Detection and virulence of Lactococcus garvieae and L. petauri from four lakes in southern California

Abraham,

Yazdi,

Littman

et al. 2023

J Aqua Anim Hlth

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ObjectiveThe first objective of the study aimed to detect the presence of Lactococcus petauri, L. garvieae, and L. formosensis in fish (n = 359) and environmental (n = 161) samples from four lakes near an affected fish farm in California during an outbreak in 2020. The second objective was to compare the virulence of the Lactococcus spp. in Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides.MethodsStandard bacterial culture methods were used to isolate Lactococcus spp. from brain and posterior kidney of sampled fish from the four lakes. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) was utilized to detect Lactococcus spp. DNA in fish tissues and environmental samples from the four lakes. Laboratory controlled challenges were conducted by injecting fish intracoelomically with representative isolates of L. petauri (n = 17), L. garvieae (n = 2), or L. formosensis (n = 4), and monitored for 14 days postchallenge (dpc).ResultLactococcus garvieae was isolated from the brains of two Largemouth Bass in one of the lakes. Lactococcus spp. were detected in 14 fish (8 Bluegills Lepomis macrochirus and 6 Largemouth Bass) from 3 out of the 4 lakes using a qPCR assay. Of the collected environmental samples, all 4 lakes tested positive for Lactococcus spp. in the soil samples, while 2 of the 4 lakes tested positive in the water samples through qPCR. Challenged Largemouth Bass did not show any signs of infection postinjection throughout the challenge period. Rainbow Trout infected with L. petauri showed clinical signs within 3 dpc and presented a significantly higher cumulative mortality (62.4%; p < 0.0001) at 14 dpc when compared to L. garvieae (0%) and L. formosensis (7.5%) treatments.ConclusionThe study suggests that qPCR can be used for environmental DNA monitoring of Lactococcus spp. and demonstrates virulence diversity between the etiological agents of piscine lactococcosis.

show abstract

First Identification and Characterization of Lactococcus garvieae Isolated from Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Cultured in Mexico

Cited by 29 publications

References 28 publications

Isolation and characterization ofLactococcus garvieaefrom rainbow trout, Onchorhyncus mykiss, from California, USA

Isolation and characterization ofLactococcus garvieaefrom rainbow trout, Onchorhyncus mykiss, from California, USA

Lactococcosis a Re-Emerging Disease in Aquaculture: Disease Significant and Phytotherapy

Detection and virulence of Lactococcus garvieae and L. petauri from four lakes in southern California

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About