First Report and New Hosts of <i>Pseudofabraea citricarpa</i> Causing Citrus Target Spot in China

Xiao, Xiaoe; Zeng, Yanjun; Wen, Wang; Cheng, Long; Qiao, Xinghua; Hou, Xin; Li, Hongye

doi:10.1094/php-07-20-0056-rs

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The strains of Pseudofabraea citricarpa used in this study were obtained from field surveys. One strain was obtained from Wanzhou District in Chongqing (30 • 81 ′ N, 108 • 61 ′ E, subtropical monsoon humid zone, annual average temperature of 18.1 • C [24]), while the other was obtained from Chenggu County in Shaanxi Province (33 • 15 ′ N, 107 • 33 ′ E, transition zone between northern subtropical and warm temperate zones, average annual temperature of 14.2 • C, lower than other citrus-producing areas in China [21]) (Figure S1). The affected citrus leaves were sterilized in a sequential manner with 75% ethanol and 5% sodium hypochlorite.…”

Section: Biological Materialsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…It was described as a disease that thrives in low-temperature conditions [20]. Subsequently, in 2019, citrus target spot was also detected in Wanzhou District (Chongqing), Yichang (Hubei Province) and Jishou (Hunan Province) [21]. Our previous studies have demonstrated the critical role of plant cell wall degradation, plantpathogen protein/polynucleotide interactions, and terpene biosynthesis in the pathogenicity of P. citricarpa [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Chenggu County in Shaanxi Province is the northernmost citrus-producing area in China. The average temperature in the area is 14.2 • C, which is lower than other citrus-producing areas [20,21]. The annual average temperature in Wanzhou District, Chongqing is 18.1 • C. These strains were temporarily named CQWZ and SXCG, respectively.…”

Section: Cqwz Exhibits Higher Temperature Tolerance and Pathogenicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional Evolution of Pseudofabraea citricarpa as an Adaptation to Temperature Change

Liu,

Chen,

Qiao

et al. 2024

JoF

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Citrus target spot, caused by Pseudofabraea citricarpa, was formerly considered a cold-tolerant fungal disease. However, it has now spread from high-latitude regions to warmer low-latitude regions. Here, we conducted physiological observations on two different strains of the fungus collected from distinct regions, and evaluated their pathogenicity. Interestingly, the CQWZ collected from a low-latitude orchard, exhibited higher temperature tolerance and pathogenicity when compared to the SXCG collected from a high-latitude orchard. To further understand the evolution of temperature tolerance and virulence in these pathogens during the spread process, as well as the mechanisms underlying these differences, we performed genomic comparative analysis. The genome size of CQWZ was determined to be 44,004,669 bp, while the genome size of SXCG was determined to be 45,377,339 bp. Through genomic collinearity analysis, we identified two breakpoints and rearrangements during the evolutionary process of these two strains. Moreover, gene annotation results revealed that the CQWZ possessed 376 annotated genes in the “Xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism” pathway, which is 79 genes more than the SXCG. The main factor contributing to this difference was the presence of salicylate hydroxylase. We also observed variations in the oxidative stress pathways and core pathogenic genes. The CQWZ exhibited the presence of a heat shock protein (HSP SSB), a catalase (CAT2), and 13 core pathogenic genes, including a LysM effector, in comparison to the SXCG. Furthermore, there were significant disparities in the gene clusters responsible for the production of seven metabolites, such as Fumonisin and Brefeldin. Finally, we identified the regulatory relationship, with the HOG pathway at its core, that potentially contributes to the differences in thermotolerance and virulence. As the global climate continues to warm, crop pathogens are increasingly expanding to new territories. Our findings will enhance understanding of the evolution mechanisms of pathogens under climate change.

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Section: Biological Materialsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Cqwz Exhibits Higher Temperature Tolerance and Pathogenicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional Evolution of Pseudofabraea citricarpa as an Adaptation to Temperature Change

Liu,

Chen,

Qiao

et al. 2024

JoF

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“…), 'Newhall'navel (C.sinensis) orange and Tarocco blood orange (C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck var. Tarrocco) in Chongqing city, et al (Xiao, 2020;Zhan, 2021). Citrus target spot pathogen Pseudofabraea citricarpa will not only infect citrus leaves and branches, but also cause fruits with about 0.5cm-2.2cm brown or black spots.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So far, studies on citrus target spot mainly focused on etiology (Zhu, Wang, 2012;Zhu, 2012;Xiao, 2020;Zhan, 2021), molecular detection (Yang, 2018), prediction of suitable areas (Xu, 2020), resistance identification (Chen, 2022), etc. There were no reports on the disease occurrence dynamics, and there were no effective compound agents, which seriously affects the taken of disease control by plant protection workers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence Dynamics of Citrus Target Spot in Wanzhou District of Chongqing City and Compound Fungicide Screening of Pseudofabraea Citricarpa

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2023

BIO Web Conf.

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To explore the occurrence dynamics and infection characteristics of citrus target spot, and screen effective fungicides and provide data support for citrus safe production. Two orchards with different altitudes and different management levels in Shuangshi community and Baiyan Village of Wanzhou District Chongqing city were selected to follow up the occurrence of citrus target spot. At the same time, the inhibition effects of 6 compound fungicides to Pseud of abraea Citricarpa (Citrus Target spot) were determined by the mycelial growth rate inhibition method. The results showed that, in December of 2021 to March of 2022, in the 2 orchards, the average disease spot, number of falling leaf showed a trend of reduce after the first rise, and incidence and disease index were characterized by rising gradually along with the passage of time. From late to the end of January, there were more rainy and foggy days, and the temperature dropped sharply, which aggravated the defoliation. Orchard 1 was with higher altitude 750 m and loose management, and the disease outbreak came more rapidly and severely. While in orchard 2, the lower altitude, higher management level and stronger tree made the disease be later and lighter than orchard 1. Further studies of compound fungicide screening showed that the EC50 against Ps. Citricarpa, from low to high, was 40% Tebuconazole·Prochloraz (0.03295)<13% Thifluzamide·Hexaconazole (0.03634)<30% Difenoconazole·Propiconazole (0.03881)<40% Difenoconazole·Pyraclostrobin (0.30849)<30% Thifluzamide·Tebuconazole (0.90167)<33 % Kasugamycin·Copper Quinoline (2.92935). These fungicides can be used for further research in the field test.

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Pseudofabraea citricarpa (citrus target spot)

2021

CABI Compendium

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First Report and New Hosts of Pseudofabraea citricarpa Causing Citrus Target Spot in China

Cited by 4 publications

References 4 publications

Functional Evolution of Pseudofabraea citricarpa as an Adaptation to Temperature Change

Functional Evolution of Pseudofabraea citricarpa as an Adaptation to Temperature Change

Occurrence Dynamics of Citrus Target Spot in Wanzhou District of Chongqing City and Compound Fungicide Screening of Pseudofabraea Citricarpa

Pseudofabraea citricarpa (citrus target spot)

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