First report of OsHV-1 microvar in Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) cultured in Spain

Roque, Ana; Carrasco, Noèlia; Andrée, Karl B.; Lacuesta, Beatriz; Elandaloussi, Laurence M.; Gairín, Ignasi; Rodgers, Chris; Furones, M. Dolores

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.10.018

Cited by 87 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Disease caused by OsHV-1 µVar has since been identified in several countries including Australia (Jenkins et al 2013), New Zealand (Bingham et al 2013), Ireland (Peeler et al 2012, Clegg et al 2014, The Netherlands (Gittenberger et al 2016), Italy (Domeneghetti et al 2014), and Spain (Aranguren et al 2012, Roque et al 2012, where it has caused serious disruption or complete cessation of Pacific oyster production (Paul-Pont et al 2014, EFSA 2015. Additionally, OsHV-1 µVar has been detec ted in locations where the disease is absent (Dundon et al 2011, Shimahara et al 2012, Jee et al 2013.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of water temperature on mortality of Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas associated with microvariant ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1 µVar)

Kantzow¹,

Hick

Becker³

et al. 2016

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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The ostreid herpesvirus 1 microvariant (OsHV-1 µVar) causes mass mortality of Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas. Water temperature can directly influence the incidence of disease or correlate with seasonal changes in the environment and oyster physiology that modify the susceptibility of the oysters to disease. The effect of water temperature was evaluated in controlled laboratory conditions by intramuscular injection of OsHV-1 µVar after acclimation of 8 mo old spat and 17 mo old adult oysters at 4 different temperatures (14, 18, 22 and 26°C). Mortality was 84 and 77% at 26 and 22°C, respectively, compared to 23% at 18°C and nil at 14°C. There was a statistically significant interaction between the dose of OsHV-1 µVar and water temperature. At 18°C, mortality occurred exclusively at a dose of 10 6 OsHV-1 µVar genome copies per oyster whereas at the higher temperatures, oysters challenged with 10 3 copies per oyster also died. Mortality did not occur at 14°C and OsHV-1 µVar was detected in tissues of only 1% of the oysters after 14 d. When accounting for temperature and dose, spat (8 mo) were 2.7 times more likely to die than adults (17 mo). Our study confirms a direct effect of water temperature on infection and disease caused by OsHV-1 µVar. We identified a threshold water temperature of between 14 and 18°C below which productive infection does not occur and the requirement for a higher dose of OsHV-1 µVar to initiate infection at 18°C than at 22°C. These results have implications for predicting and managing disease outbreaks caused by OsHV-1 µVar.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of water temperature on mortality of Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas associated with microvariant ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1 µVar)

Kantzow¹,

Hick

Becker³

et al. 2016

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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“…Its genome was completely sequenced (13), and the virus was classified as Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) within the family Malacoherpesviridae (14,15). Moreover, since 2008, mass mortality outbreaks among Pacific cupped oysters have been reported in Europe, including France, Ireland, the Channel Islands, and the United Kingdom (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23), in relation to the detection of a particular genotype of OsHV-1 called Var (24).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ostreid Herpesvirus 1 Infection among Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) Spat: Relevance of Water Temperature to Virus Replication and Circulation Prior to the Onset of Mortality

Renault

Bouquet²,

Maurice³

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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A number of bivalve species worldwide, including the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, have been affected by mass mortality events associated with herpesviruses, resulting in significant losses. A particular herpesvirus was purified from naturally infected larval Pacific oysters, and its genome was completely sequenced. This virus has been classified as Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) within the family Malacoherpesviridae. Since 2008, mass mortality outbreaks among C. gigas in Europe have been related to the detection of a variant of OsHV-1 called Var. Additional data are necessary to better describe mortality events in relation to environmental-parameter fluctuations and OsHV-1 detection. For this purpose, a single batch of Pacific oyster spat was deployed in 4 different locations in the Marennes-Oleron area (France): an oyster pond ("claire"), a shellfish nursery, and two locations in the field. Mortality rates were recorded based on regular observation, and samples were collected to search for and quantify OsHV-1 DNA by real-time PCR. Although similar massive mortality rates were reported at the 4 sites, mortality was detected earlier in the pond and in the nursery than at both field sites. This difference may be related to earlier increases in water temperature. Mass mortality was observed among oysters a few days after increases in the number of PCR-positive oysters and viral-DNA amounts were recorded. An initial increment in the number of PCR-positive oysters was reported at both field sites during the survey in the absence of significant mortality. During this period, the water temperature was below 16°C. Since the first report by Farley et al. (1), herpesviruses have been associated worldwide with mortality events resulting in significant losses in a number of bivalve species, including the Pacific cupped oyster, Crassostrea gigas, in both hatcheries/nurseries and the natural environment (2-11). A herpesvirus was purified from naturally infected larval Pacific cupped oysters collected in 1995 in a French commercial hatchery (12). Its genome was completely sequenced (13), and the virus was classified as Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) within the family Malacoherpesviridae (14, 15). Moreover, since 2008, mass mortality outbreaks among Pacific cupped oysters have been reported in Europe, including France, Ireland, the Channel Islands, and the United Kingdom (16-23), in relation to the detection of a particular genotype of OsHV-1 called Var (24).A protocol based on the intramuscular injection of 0.22-mfiltered tissue homogenates prepared from naturally infected spat was developed (25). The results of experimental trials showed that mortality was induced after the injection. Furthermore, analysis of injected oyster spat revealed large amounts of OsHV-1 DNA by real-time quantitative PCR. In this context, OsHV-1 was inferred to be the causative agent of the mortality reported in the study (25). In addition to transmitting OsHV-1 infection by intramuscular inoculation, waterborne transmission to healthy oyster sp...

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“…OsHV-1 has been detected in association with mortality outbreaks of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas in different regions of the world, namely, France (Renault and Novoa, 2004), USA (Burge et al, 2006), Ireland (Lynch et al, 2012), Spain (Roque et al, 2012), Australia (Jenkins et al, 2013) and New Zealand (Keeling et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequence variation in ostreid herpesvirus 1 microvar isolates detected in dying and asymptomatic Crassostrea angulata adults in the Iberian Peninsula: Insights into viral origin and spread

Batista¹,

López-Sanmartín²,

Grade³

et al. 2015

Aquaculture

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First report of OsHV-1 microvar in Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) cultured in Spain

Cited by 87 publications

References 13 publications

Effect of water temperature on mortality of Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas associated with microvariant ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1 µVar)

Effect of water temperature on mortality of Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas associated with microvariant ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1 µVar)

Ostreid Herpesvirus 1 Infection among Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) Spat: Relevance of Water Temperature to Virus Replication and Circulation Prior to the Onset of Mortality

Sequence variation in ostreid herpesvirus 1 microvar isolates detected in dying and asymptomatic Crassostrea angulata adults in the Iberian Peninsula: Insights into viral origin and spread

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