First reported case of multidrug-resistant Candida auris in Canada

Schwartz, Ilan S.; Hammond, Gregory

doi:10.14745/ccdr.v43i78a02

Cited by 52 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…auris has been isolated from patients of both sexes and of all age groups. However, preterm or low‐birth weight infants as well as geriatrics are known to be highly at‐risk patients due to their weaker immune systems, such that they have high mortality risk upon being infected with C. auris (Chowdhary et al., ; Newnam & Harris‐Haman, ; Ruiz Gaitán et al., ; Schelenz et al., ; Schwartz & Hammond, ; Tsay et al., ). As geriatrics are more prone to be hospitalized in acute‐care hospitals or long‐term care facilities, it is more likely that they will be exposed to C. auris infections reported from healthcare centers.…”

Section: Demographics (Sex Age) Risk Factors (Comorbidities) Mortamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only a single C. auris case has been detected in Canada in a patient who was initially admitted in a hospital in India (Schwartz & Hammond, ). The isolate was continually obtained from repeated swabbing of the same ear of the patient over a 6‐week period.…”

Section: Molecular Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Patients with C. auris infections, persons colonized with or suspected to have such infections or patients transferred from hospitals with a history of C. auris infections or outbreaks should be kept in separate wards under strict contact precautions as detailed by the CDC, ECDC, and PHE (Bishop et al., ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, ; European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, ; Public Health England, ; Schwartz & Hammond, ; Seiffert et al., ). Such contact precautions have proved effective in the containment of outbreaks by other multidrug‐resistant organisms, particularly CRE, and was useful in the UK C. auris outbreak case (Schelenz et al., ).…”

Section: Infection Control and Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 2 and Figure 3, C. auris has been isolated from patients of both sexes and of all age groups. However, preterm or low-birth weight infants as well as geriatrics are known to be highly at-risk patients due to their weaker immune systems, such that they have high mortality risk upon being infected with C. auris (Chowdhary et al, 2013;Newnam & Harris-Haman, 2017;Ruiz Gaitán et al, 2017;Schelenz et al, 2016;Schwartz & Hammond, 2017;Tsay et al, 2017).…”

Section: Virulence and Persistencementioning

confidence: 99%

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Candida auris: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of current updates on an emerging multidrug‐resistant pathogen

2018

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From 2009, Candida auris has emerged as a multidrug‐resistant ascomycete yeast pathogen with the capacity for easy transmission between patients and hospitals, as well as persistence on environmental surfaces. Its association with high mortalities, breakthrough and persistent candidaemia, inconsistencies in susceptibility testing results, misidentification by available commercial identification systems and treatment failure, complicates its management and detection. Within the last nine years, C. auris has been increasingly reported from far‐Eastern Asia, the Middle East, Africa, Europe, South and North America with substantial fatalities and misidentification. Herein, I provide a systematic and thorough review of this emerging pathogen. Meta‐analysis showed that at least 742 C. auris isolates have been reported in 16 countries, with most of these being from India (≥243), USA (≥232) and UK (≥103) (p‐value = .0355) within 2013–2017. Most isolates were from males (64.76%) (p‐value = .0329) and blood (67.48%) (p‐value < .0001), with substantial crude mortality (29.75%) (p‐value = .0488). Affected patients presented with other comorbidities: diabetes (≥52), sepsis (≥48), lung diseases (≥39), kidney diseases (≥32) etc. (p‐value < .0001). Resistance to fluconazole (44.29%), amphotericin B (15.46%), voriconazole (12.67%), caspofungin (3.48%) etc. were common (p‐value = .0059). Commonly used diagnostic tools included PCR (30.38%), Bruker MALDI‐TOF MS (14.00%), Vitek 2 YST ID (11.93%), AFLP (11.55%) and WGS (10.04%) (p‐value = .002). Multidrug resistance, high attributable mortality and persistence are associated with C. auris infections. Two novel drugs, SCY‐078 and VT‐1598, are currently in the pipeline. Contact precautions, strict infection control, periodic surveillance and cleaning with chlorine‐based detergents, efficient, faster and cheaper detection tools are necessary for prevention, containment and early diagnosis of C. auris infections.

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Section: Demographics (Sex Age) Risk Factors (Comorbidities) Mortamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Molecular Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Infection Control and Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Virulence and Persistencementioning

confidence: 99%

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Candida auris: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of current updates on an emerging multidrug‐resistant pathogen

2018

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“…Over the next three years, antimicrobial resistant strains of C. auris healthcare-acquired infections were observed in Kuwait [35] India [36], and South Africa [37]. In 2017, the yeast was discovered in the United Kingdom [38], South America [39], Europe [36] and Canada [40]. Genetic rDNA analysis of 24 isolates in the UK demonstrated several geographic origins [38] highlighting the importance of human travel in the spread of the species.…”

Section: Candida Aurismentioning

confidence: 99%

From hidden outbreaks to epidemic emergencies: the threat associated with neglecting emerging pathogens

Tetro

2019

Microbes and Infection

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Not all infectious disease outbreaks undergo full epidemiological investigations. In certain situations, the resultant lack of knowledge has led to the development of epidemics and public health emergencies. This review will examine six emerging pathogens including their history, present status, and potential to expand to epidemics. Recommendations to improve our understanding of these hidden outbreaks and others also will be provided in the context of health systems policy.

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The Emerging Threat of Antifungal Resistance in Transplant Infectious Diseases

Schwartz

Patterson

2018

Curr Infect Dis Rep

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Invasive candidiasis is increasingly caused by non-albicans Candida species with reduced susceptibility to first-line antifungals. Echinocandin resistance in Candida glabrata is increasing in some settings. Candida auris has rapidly emerged as a global concern due to multidrug resistance and efficient nosocomial spread in healthcare settings. Azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus is already an important concern in some European countries and is increasingly reported elsewhere, possibly driven by agricultural use of triazole fungicides. Antifungal resistance is anticipated to expand among these and other common fungal pathogens. Culture-independent detection methods will become more important for rapid diagnosis and to guide empiric therapy. Antifungal stewardship is of critical importance to conserve our limited antifungal armamentarium for transplantation recipients and other vulnerable patients.

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First reported case of multidrug-resistant Candida auris in Canada

Cited by 52 publications

References 18 publications

Candida auris: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of current updates on an emerging multidrug‐resistant pathogen

Candida auris: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of current updates on an emerging multidrug‐resistant pathogen

From hidden outbreaks to epidemic emergencies: the threat associated with neglecting emerging pathogens

The Emerging Threat of Antifungal Resistance in Transplant Infectious Diseases

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