Abstract:Articles you may be interested in CO2 laser-based dispersion interferometer utilizing orientation-patterned gallium arsenide for plasma density measurements Rev. Sci. Instrum. 84, 093502 (2013);
“…One example development for the application on W7-X is an interferometer to measure the line integrated density. The test measurements on the TEXTOR tokamak are described in Dreier et al 2011. The operational requirements of an interferometer combine very different time scales.…”
Abstract. The objective of Wendelstein 7-X is to demonstrate steady state operation at -values of up to 5%, at ion temperatures of several keV and plasma densities of up to 210 20 m -3 . The second operational phase foresees a fully steady state high heat flux divertor. Preparations are underway to cope with residual bootstrap currents, either by electron cyclotron current drive or by high heat flux protection elements. The main steady state heating system is an electron cyclotron resonance heating facility. Various technical improvements of the gyrotrons have been implemented recently. They enable a reliable operation at the 1 MW power level. Some of the technical issues preparing plasma diagnostics for steady state operation are exemplified. This includes the protection against non-absorbed microwave radiation.
“…One example development for the application on W7-X is an interferometer to measure the line integrated density. The test measurements on the TEXTOR tokamak are described in Dreier et al 2011. The operational requirements of an interferometer combine very different time scales.…”
Abstract. The objective of Wendelstein 7-X is to demonstrate steady state operation at -values of up to 5%, at ion temperatures of several keV and plasma densities of up to 210 20 m -3 . The second operational phase foresees a fully steady state high heat flux divertor. Preparations are underway to cope with residual bootstrap currents, either by electron cyclotron current drive or by high heat flux protection elements. The main steady state heating system is an electron cyclotron resonance heating facility. Various technical improvements of the gyrotrons have been implemented recently. They enable a reliable operation at the 1 MW power level. Some of the technical issues preparing plasma diagnostics for steady state operation are exemplified. This includes the protection against non-absorbed microwave radiation.
“…Hence, interpretation of the measured data is straightforward. Because good temporal and density resolution have already been confirmed with CO 2 lasers (wavelength 10.6 µm) [6][7][8][9], the DI is the most promising candidate. …”
Section: Alternative Density Measurement Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Figure 2 shows a schematic view of the phasemodulated DI [6][7][8][9]. A mixed beam consisting of the fundamental and second harmonic components, which is generated with a nonlinear component, is used as a probe beam.…”
Section: Wavelength Selection For Demorelevant Helical Plasmasmentioning
Electron density measurement remains indispensable to control fueling on a DEMO reactor. For steadystate operation of the DEMO reactor, density measurement should be highly reliable and accurate. A dispersion interferometer and a Faraday polarimeter are free from measurement errors caused by mechanical vibrations. Hence combination of the two diagnostics yields a suitable system for density measurement on future steadystate fusion reactors. A wavelength around 1 µm is one of the desirable candidates in terms of the fringe shift and the Faraday rotation angle, the variety of optical components, and the efficiency of frequency doubling for the dispersion interferometer. This paper presents a conceptual design for the dispersion interferometer and Faraday polarimeter with a 1 µm light source.
“…Good progress had already been made with the development of this system 7 for W7-X when first impressive measurements on TEXTOR with a dispersion interferometer developed by the Budker Institute in Novosibirsk, Russia, demonstrated that this type of interferometer did not even during disruptions suffer from fringe jumps. 31 The beauty of this system is that in the measured signal any effects from retro-reflector vibrations or thermally induced changes in the laser path length cancel out entirely. This is achieved by creating an additional frequency doubled laser beam from a single, frequency stabilized crystal.…”
Section: Individual Diagnostic Specific Issuesmentioning
The critical issues in the development of diagnostics which need to work robust and reliable under quasisteady state conditions for discharge durations of 30 min and which cannot be maintained throughout the one week duration of each operation phase of the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator are being discussed.
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