“…This process is mainly carried out when the citizens use their smartphones and wearable devices, which usually have some type of embedded sensors, including an accelerometer, GPS, digital compass, environmental sensors, microphone, gyroscope, and camera (Wazny 2017). As previous research has shown, mobile phones have been unique in providing crowdsourced data for accomplishing the localization, labelling and mapping of events, personal and surrounding contexts, social relationships, and human activities (Annis & Nardi, 2019;Boella et al, 2019;Calabrese, Colonna, Lovisolo, Parata, & Ratti, 2011;Kong et al, 2019;Tong et al, 2016).…”