Fission Cross Sections of Uranium, Thorium, Bismuth, Lead, and Gold Induced by 58- to 100-MeV Alpha Particles

Ralarosy, J.; Debeauvais, M.; Rémy, G.; Tripier, J.; Stein, R.; Huss, D.

doi:10.1103/physrevc.8.2372

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…1 shows the measured excitation function for fission. The results of Ralarosy et al [14] , which are in agreement with the present measurement, are also shown in the figure. The systematic and statistical errors in the spectra are smaller than the size of the data points in the figure.…”

supporting

confidence: 92%

Direct evidence of “washing out” of nuclear shell effects

et al. 2015

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Constraining excitation energy at which nuclear shell effect washes out has important implications on the production of super heavy elements and many other fields of nuclear physics research. We report the fission fragment mass distribution in alpha induced reaction on an actinide target for wide excitation range in close energy interval and show direct evidence that nuclear shell effect washes out at excitation energy ∼ 40 MeV. Calculation shows that second peak of the fission barrier also vanishes around similar excitation energy. One of the major areas that have generated unprecedented interest among contemporary nuclear physicists and chemists is the synthesis of super heavy elements (SHE). It is known from the Liquid Drop Model (LDM) of the nucleus [1] that if the two fundamental nuclear parameters, the attractive nuclear surface potential and the repulsive coulomb forces are taken into account, then our nuclear chart may end at around element number 104. This is simply because, nuclei with Z ≥ 104 immediately fission as there is no barrier to prevent their decay. However, elements have been synthesized beyond that atomic number [2].The observed stability of these heavy elements is believed to originate from the microscopic shell effects in nuclei. While LDM predicts the bulk properties of nuclei and explains their collective behavior, nuclear Shell Model [3] explains these shell gaps and the single-particle nature of nuclear states. Both the bulk properties and the shell properties of nuclei can be incorporated by adding a shell-correction term to the liquid-drop model energy. Strutinsky [4,5] considered the shell effect as a deviation from uniform liquid drop model prediction and used the shell averaged single particle energy as a correction term to the liquid drop model energy. The liquid drop barrier height diminishes smoothly with the increase in atomic number as the nuclear fissility increases. However, as the shell correction term retains the fluctuations in the shell model energy, it is found that the incorporation of this shell correction alters the fission barrier and in fact, causes to develop large barrier to decay that can increase alpha or fission half-lives by several orders of magnitude for the heavy elements. Thus shell effects play a central role in determining the stability of the super heavy elements. Many important nuclear phenomena such as the fission isomers [6], super deformed nuclei [7] and new magic numbers in the exotic nuclei [8] are the consequences of the shell effect. * tilak@vecc.gov.in It is generally believed that shell effects are washed out at higher excitation energy [9]. For the production of the super heavy elements by heavy ion bombardment on actinides targets, the compound nuclei are always formed with an excitation energy exceeding a few tens of MeV. Judicious choice of the excitation energy is critical as the production cross section of the SHE may be increased by a few orders of magnitude if the beam energy is increased by few MeV. Therefore, constraining the exci...

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confidence: 92%

Direct evidence of “washing out” of nuclear shell effects

et al. 2015

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“…The 4He + 2~ data represented by the open circles, the crosses, and solid circles are the experimental results of Ralarosy et al [5], authors [6] and ours, respectively. In the case of 2~ fission caused by alpha-particles there is a good agreement with the measured values [5,6] which confirms the correctness of the measured fission cross section by this method. In the case of 2~ fission caused by alpha-particles there is a good agreement with the measured values [5,6] which confirms the correctness of the measured fission cross section by this method.…”

mentioning

confidence: 85%

“…[5] that for m~clei in the lead region, the fissionability depends strongly on the atomic number, whereas it is almost independent of the isotope masses. It was mentioned in Ref.…”

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Fission of209Bi induced by6He ions

Фомичев

David

Dlouhý

et al. 1995

Z. Physik A - Hadrons and Nuclei

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Secondary beams of 4He and 6He were produced through the transfer reactions with the 18.5 MeV/u lib and 35.5 MeV/u 7Li primary beams. The fusion-fission cross sections have been measured for the 4.6He + 209Bi reactions at energies Ecm> l.5*Bfus . In the present experiment it was found that the fission excitation function for the neutron rich nuclei 6He is significantly higher than for the 4He nuclei.

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“…A multitude of data on fission mechanism has been presented concerning deuterons and especially alpha particles as projectiles, but mostly at low energies [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Limited results are published on fission as a parallel product of high energy reaction mechanism, i.e.…”

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confidence: 99%

High energy fission cross sections induced by deuteron on 232Th and proton on natPb targets

Zamani¹,

Stoulos²,

Fragopoulou³

et al. 2019

hnps

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Total fission cross sections induced by deuterons with energies 1.6, 2.5 and 4.0 GeV on 232Th targets and by protons on natPb targets at energy 2.0 GeV were measured during irradiations at the Nuclotron accelerator, JINR, Dubna. Using Solid State Nuclear Track detectors, the fission cross sections induced by deuterons on 232Th were determined as 1277±216, 1232±207 and 1153±198 mb, corresponding to the energies mentioned above. The total fission cross section of protons on natPb was estimated by the same method as 131±30 mb. These results were compared to the previous systematic parameterization of proton induced fission and new values for the parameters of deuteron-induce fission on actinides, 232Th and 238U and proton induced fission on natPb were deduced. Fitting results obtained for deuterons on actinides are discussed and compared to results for protons.

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Fission Cross Sections of Uranium, Thorium, Bismuth, Lead, and Gold Induced by 58- to 100-MeV Alpha Particles

Cited by 9 publications

References 18 publications

Direct evidence of “washing out” of nuclear shell effects

Direct evidence of “washing out” of nuclear shell effects

Fission of209Bi induced by6He ions

High energy fission cross sections induced by deuteron on 232Th and proton on natPb targets

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