Fission-Fusion Dynamics: New Research Frameworks [with Comments]

Aureli,; Schaffner,; Boesch,; Bearder,; Chapman, Mary; Connor, Stephen R.; Fiore, D.; Dunbar,; Henzi,; Holekamp,; Korstjens,; Layton, Alison; Lee, Myeong Soo; Lehmann,; Manson,; Ramos-Fernandez,; Strier,; Schaik, Van

doi:10.2307/20142694

Cited by 306 publications

(526 citation statements)

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“…These outcomes point to fissionefusion dynamics in this Guiana dolphin population: there was high temporal variation in group size and composition, even with moderate spatial cohesion among members (see Aureli et al 2008). Considering the agreement of our findings with those from another studied population (Santos & Rosso 2008), we suggest that the fissionefusion social organization may be a general pattern for Guiana dolphins.…”

Section: Static Network Structure Fluid Social Structuresupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Between these two extremes are the fluid groups, of intermediate size and duration that occur at different levels in space and time. These groups are characteristic of populations with fissionefusion dynamics (Aureli et al 2008). Such a heterogeneous pattern of social interactions can lead to a modular network structure composed of weakly interlinked groups of individuals, which are strongly internally connected.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wolf et al 2007). Social networks are static depictions of dynamic societies; but we know that social interactions constantly vary in time and/or space (Aureli et al 2008). Therefore, occasionally a modular structure may be inappropriate because it can be influenced by such nonsocial mechanisms.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Disentangling social networks from spatiotemporal dynamics: the temporal structure of a dolphin society

et al. 2012

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Section: Static Network Structure Fluid Social Structuresupporting

confidence: 85%

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confidence: 99%

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Disentangling social networks from spatiotemporal dynamics: the temporal structure of a dolphin society

et al. 2012

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“…A specific form of fluid group structure, termed fission-fusion dynamics, has been confirmed in at least 11 species (17%; Appendix A), and may occur in more Macaca species (Barton, 2000;McFarland and Majolo, 2011). Species with a high degree of fission-fusion dynamics change the size of their group according to their activity and the availability and distribution of resources (Amici et al, 2008;Aureli et al, 2008;Chapman and Chapman, 2000). Groups usually split (fission) into smaller subgroups for more efficient use of patchily distributed and temporally varying food sources, and thus to reduce competition, and merge (fusion) where resources are abundant, or at sleeping sites to lower the risk of nocturnal predation .…”

Section: Characteristics That Are Related To Disturbance-tolerancementioning

confidence: 99%

The value of disturbance-tolerant cercopithecine monkeys as seed dispersers in degraded habitats

Albert¹,

McConkey²,

Savini³

et al. 2014

Biological Conservation

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a b s t r a c tHabitat disturbance has caused a global decline in populations of frugivores, with critical consequences for seed dispersal. Large-seeded plants are especially threatened as they depend on a restricted number of large-bodied dispersers that are vulnerable to extinction and cannot maintain populations in most disturbed habitats. Cercopithecine monkeys are potentially key seed dispersers in disturbed habitats, because of the robustness of some species to disturbance and their ability to disperse large seeds. However, the potential ecological roles of the more disturbance-tolerant species are rarely discussed. This review evaluates the seed dispersal role of cercopithecines in disturbed habitats by investigating their ability to tolerate habitat disturbance, their seed dispersal abilities, and the threats to species survival. Cercopithecines are characterised by ecological flexibility; most species adjust their diet, group size, home range size and, often, feeding methods according to resource availability and habitat structure. Consequently, 79% of species are tolerant of varying degrees of habitat disturbance. Cercopithecines are often inconsistent seed dispersers, but they have the capacity to disperse many seeds, large seeds and to disperse them across large distances. They may be among the most important frugivores in altered environments in Asia and Africa. However, many disturbance-tolerant cercopithecine species are targeted by local people as pests, which poses a major threat to their conservation. In conclusion, the management of all disturbance-tolerant cercopithecine species should be re-evaluated given their importance in the regeneration of degraded Asian and African habitats.

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“…Most studies investigating dominance relationships to date have focused on groups with static composition [8], with the notable exception of mammalian fission -fusion societies [9]. Group composition often fluctuates in natural populations, however, as individuals periodically disperse and regroup [10], and events occurring within one group can have far-reaching effects on social interactions in later groups [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ghost of social environments past: dominance relationships include current interactions and experience carried over from previous groups

2011

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).Dominance hierarchies pervade animal societies. Within a static social environment, in which group size and composition are unchanged, an individual's hierarchy rank results from intrinsic (e.g. body size) and extrinsic (e.g. previous experiences) factors. Little is known, however, about how dominance relationships are formed and maintained when group size and composition are dynamic. Using a fusion -fission protocol, we fused groups of previously isolated shore crabs (Carcinus maenas) into larger groups, and then restored groups to their original size and composition. Pre-fusion hierarchies formed independently of individuals' sizes, and were maintained within a static group via winner/loser effects. Post-fusion hierarchies differed from pre-fusion ones; losing fights during fusion led to a decline in an individual's rank between pre-and post-fusion conditions, while spending time being aggressive during fusion led to an improvement in rank. In post-fusion tanks, larger individuals achieved better ranks than smaller individuals. In conclusion, dominance hierarchies in crabs represent a complex combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, in which experiences from previous groups can carry over to affect current competitive interactions.

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Fission-Fusion Dynamics: New Research Frameworks [with Comments]

Cited by 306 publications

References 0 publications

Disentangling social networks from spatiotemporal dynamics: the temporal structure of a dolphin society

Disentangling social networks from spatiotemporal dynamics: the temporal structure of a dolphin society

The value of disturbance-tolerant cercopithecine monkeys as seed dispersers in degraded habitats

The ghost of social environments past: dominance relationships include current interactions and experience carried over from previous groups

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