2003
DOI: 10.1177/014107680309600304
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Five Steps to Conducting a Systematic Review

Abstract: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are a key element of evidence-based healthcare, yet they remain in some ways mysterious. Why did the authors select certain studies and reject others? What did they do to pool results? How did a bunch of insignificant findings suddenly become significant? This paper, along with a book 1 that goes into more detail, demystifies these and other related intrigues. A review earns the adjective systematic if it is based on a clearly formulated question, identifies relevant studie… Show more

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Cited by 1,049 publications
(691 citation statements)
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“…With this in mind, this review proposes a methodological research design based on a basic process of three stages: (1) inputs definition, (2) processing data, and (3) outputs presentation [45]. Likewise, each stage consists of interconnected phases that support the process of the systematic review of the literature undertaken here [46][47][48]. Figure 1 schematically summarizes the research methodology followed in this review, illustrating the stages and phases, the tools and methods used in its development, as well as the corresponding sections in the article.…”
Section: Research Methods and Datamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…With this in mind, this review proposes a methodological research design based on a basic process of three stages: (1) inputs definition, (2) processing data, and (3) outputs presentation [45]. Likewise, each stage consists of interconnected phases that support the process of the systematic review of the literature undertaken here [46][47][48]. Figure 1 schematically summarizes the research methodology followed in this review, illustrating the stages and phases, the tools and methods used in its development, as well as the corresponding sections in the article.…”
Section: Research Methods and Datamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The term “quality” refers to: “the degree to which a study employs measures to minimize bias and errors in its design, conduct, and analysis” (Khan, Kunz, Kleijnen, & Antes, 2003).

CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials)—for evaluation of the quality of evidence in randomized control and control trials.

…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Os procedimentos adotados para Revisão Sistemática de Literatura foram baseados nos procedimentos empregados por Kitchenham et al (2009), Khan et al (2003) e Muianga, Granja e Ruiz (2015). As etapas definidas para Revisão Sistemática de Literatura, estão apresentadas na Figura 1.…”
Section: Métodounclassified
“…A primeira etapa refere-se à definição das questões de pesquisa que orientarão a revisão, que devem ser especificados sob a forma de perguntas claras, inequívocas e estruturadas (KHAN et al, 2003).…”
Section: Métodounclassified