Fixing solitonic y junctions in photorefractive strontium–barium–niobate

Abstract

Two-dimensional solitonic orbital waveguides as y junctions were formed in a strontium barium niobate crystal. The waveguides are 10-20 m in diameter and propagate unpolarized light.

Photorefractive solitons

“…These waveguide structures can be easily created by soliton collisions. Recently, a few fixed fundamental waveguide geometries-including X-and Y-junctions-were realized experimentally [108], [135].…”

All-Optical Switches and Y-junction Waveguides Based on the Perpendicular Collisions of Photoisomerization Solitons

“…A spatial soliton can create a waveguide structure to steer another optical beam. Interactions between solitons can make the refractive index structure more complex, and therefore some optical devices such as all-optical switch [9][10][11], X-junction [13] and Y-junction [6,14,15] can be expected.…”

“…Optical spatial solitons have been widely suggested for all-optical switches and waveguides in optically nonlinear media [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. An optical spatial soliton forms when the nonlinear self-focusing effect exactly balances the natural diffraction [12].…”

All-optical steering of the interactions between multiple spatial solitons in isotropic polymers

“…The soliton interaction could make the structure more complex and interesting, and therefore the available devices such as all-optical switch [21,23,36,37], X-junction [38] and Y-junction [39,40] can be proposed. Interestingly, Assanto and coworkers report all-optical steering based on the nonlinear interaction between orthogonally propagating beams in nematic liquid crystals [41,42].…”