1978
DOI: 10.1126/science.200.4347.1272
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Flake Tools Stratified Below Paleo-Indian Artifacts

Abstract: In northwest Missouri, Lithic stage flake tools struck from prepared cores have been excavated underlying a Paleo-Indian fluted point assemblage. These assemblages were in two different loesses of the last glaciation. Thermoluminescent analysis of stone tools dates the Paleo-Indian occupations at 8690 +/- 1000 B.C. and 12,855 +/- 1500 B.C.; the Lithic stage occupations must be older than 13,000 B.C. on the basis of geologic correlation, lithic analysis, and cultural stratigraphy.

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Cited by 12 publications
(11 citation statements)
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“…More recent reviews have been published by Nolan and Hickson (1993) for western Illinois and by Artz (1993) for Iowa. Beyond the western Illinois region that is the present paper's focus, important midwestern sites which may be buried similarly include the Paleoindian Bostrom site in Madison County, Illinois (Tankersley et al, 1993;Tankersley, 1995) and the Paleoindian Shriver site in central Missouri (Reagan et al, 1978), the Early Archaic Bass site in southwestern Wisconsin (Stoltman et al, 1984), and the Late Archaic Nebo Hill site in western Missouri (Reid, 1977(Reid, , 1983.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…More recent reviews have been published by Nolan and Hickson (1993) for western Illinois and by Artz (1993) for Iowa. Beyond the western Illinois region that is the present paper's focus, important midwestern sites which may be buried similarly include the Paleoindian Bostrom site in Madison County, Illinois (Tankersley et al, 1993;Tankersley, 1995) and the Paleoindian Shriver site in central Missouri (Reagan et al, 1978), the Early Archaic Bass site in southwestern Wisconsin (Stoltman et al, 1984), and the Late Archaic Nebo Hill site in western Missouri (Reid, 1977(Reid, , 1983.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Three sites in northern Missouri are highly controversial: Shriver (Reagan et al 1978), Miami Mastodon (Hamilton 1993;O'Brien and Wood 1998), and Walters (Biggs et al 1970). It is unclear whether the Walters site is entirely Late Paleoindian (i.e., Dalton) or if it contains some fluted Early/Middle Paleoindian material (Biggs et al 1970:51-54).…”
Section: Early/middle Paleoindianmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In fact, flawless evidence for the presence of pre-Clovis people in North America is still lacking, although several sites and new data have provided tantalizing but still controversial evidence for their existence (e.g., Adovasio et al 1978Adovasio et al , 1982Alexander 1982;Hall 1996b;Reagan et al 1978;Stanford 1979;Wisner 1996). It is generally assumed that the initial settlement of South America resulted from one or more groups passing through North America via the Beringian Corridor or a North Atlantic route, either by land, boat, or some combination of the two.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This makes a very nice theoretical picture, but the correlation is not strong and may be even less significant. Not only is the concept of an ice-free corridor questioned (Fladmark 1979), but there are an increasing number of claims for pre-Clovis sites (Stalker 1977;Adovasio e;MacNeish 1973;Reagan e;.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%