Flame retardance and shrinkage reduction of polystyrene modified with acrylate-containing phosphorus and crosslinkable spiro-orthoester moieties

Canadell, Judit; Hunt, B. J.; Cook, Anthony; Mantecón, Ana; Cádiz, Virgínia

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2007.05.017

Cited by 34 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Others are covalently attached to PSt backbone. The examples of commonly applied chemical compounds are athermic additives (infrared attenuating agents): carbon black, ash, aluminum nitride composite, graphite nanocomposites, asphalt, carbon nanotubes , and flame retardants such as halogenated compounds, phosphorous compounds, and chemical compounds containing boron, silicon, and nitrogen atoms . These compounds improve thermal conductivity and flame retardancy of PSt.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of polystyrene modified with fluorine atoms: Monomer reactivity ratios and thermal behavior

et al. 2013

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Homo‐ and copolymers of 4‐fluorostyrene (FSt) and styrene (St) were synthesized with different feed ratios using free radical bulk polymerization with azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator. It yielded series of (co)polymers with various amounts of included FSt, P(St‐co‐FSt) (5–50 mol%) and PFSt. The effect of the initiator concentration on the molecular weights of the homopolymers, that is, PSt and PFSt was investigated. Copolymer compositions were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The relative reactivity ratios of both comonomers were determined by applying the conventional linearization methods of Jaacks (J), Finemann–Ross (F–R), inverted Finemann–Ross (IF–R), and Kelen‐Tüdos (K–T). The reactivity ratios values of St and FSt obtained from J plot are 1.06 and 0.84, F–R plot are 1.18 and 1.06, IF–R 1.01 and 0.86, and K–T plot 1.04 and 0.88, respectively. Thermal properties of prepared (co)polymers, that is, glass transition temperature (Tg) and thermal stability, were determined from differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetrical measurements. The lack of significant influence of FSt comonomer content on Tg of (co)polymers was observed. Additionally, the thermal degradation kinetics of obtained PSt and PFSt was studied by thermogravimetric analysis. Kinetic parameters such as the thermal decomposition activation energy (E) and frequency factor (A) were estimated by Ozawa model [E(O) and A(O), respectively] and Kissinger model [E(K) and A(K), respectively]. The activation energy and the frequency factor of PFSt (253 kJ/mol) were higher than PSt (236 kJ/mol). The resulting activation energies estimated using the two methods were quite close. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 54:1170–1181, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of polystyrene modified with fluorine atoms: Monomer reactivity ratios and thermal behavior

et al. 2013

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“…Remarkably, as shown in Table 2, 6a-c showed high resistance to solvents, including polar solvents such as H 2 O, EtOH, acetone, DMF, NMP, 5% LiCl solution, non-polar solvents such as CCl 4 , cyclohexane. Polymers 6d-e were easily soluble at room temperature in polar organic solvents such as ethanol, methanol, NMP, DMF, DMAc, acetone, and CHCl 3 , and partially soluble in THF on heating, insoluble in solvents such as CCl 4 , cyclohexane, and H 2 O.…”

Section: Solubility Of Polymersmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…[1,2] Phosphorus is one of the most abundant elements on earth and the development of this fascinating non-metal element in the polymer chemistry is clearly of both fundamental and applied interest. [3] Small amounts of phosphorus in a polymer can be greatly advantageous, imparting flame retardancy, [4][5][6] adhesion to metals, [7] ion-exchange characteristics [8], and biodegradable and blood compatible characteristics. [3] One of the most direct ways for the introduction of phosphorus into a polymer is direct phosphorylation, for example reaction of the polymer with PCl 3 and POCl 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus-containing polymers from THPS.I. Design, synthesis, and characterization of novel monomer and polyureas

Tan

Zhang

Guo³

et al. 2014

Designed Monomers and Polymers

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A new phosphorus-containing dicarbamates, di(N-carbomethoxylaminomethyl)benzyl phosphine oxide was first synthesized from tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate (THPS) via five step reactions (Scheme 1), and its structure was proved by FTIR, ( 1 H, 13 C, and 31 P) NMR, and MS. A series of thermally stable phosphorus-containing polyureas were synthesized via trans-ureation polycondensation of the new monomer with aliphatic diamines, including poly(propylene glycol) bis(2-aminopropyl ether), respectively. All of the above polyureas were fully characterized by inherent viscosity, GPC, solubility tests, and thermogravimetric analysis. The thermal gravimetric analysis results showed that the initial breakdown temperature of all phosphorus-containing polyureas was observed at above 265°C while complete weight loss occurred in the region of 406-465°C, which shows all polyureas have good thermal stability. GPC results showed that the maximum number-average molecular weight of the synthesized polyureas reached 59,100 g mol. The solubility tests results demonstrated that incorporating the ether moieties into the polymer main chain can enhance the solubility of polyureas in organic solvents.

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“…In this concordance, phosphate composite materials are expanding strongly owing to their chemical characteristics and their interesting physicochemical properties. Phosphorus composite [6,7] have received great interest recently [8][9][10] for their interesting complexing properties [11] and have found applications as corrosion inhibiting agents, dispersants, deposit resistance coating, [12] flame retardants, [13] adhesion promoters for paints, [14] super lubricity coatings, [15] (super) hydrophobic photostable coatings for stone. Good adherence to the substrate with the presence of high humidity or water (wet adhesion) is the main feature of any anticorrosion coating.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterization of phosphate-nickel-titanium composite coatings obtained by sol–gel process for corrosion protection

Chahine

Touhami

et al. 2020

SN Appl. Sci.

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New phosphorus-titanium-nickel composites were deposited on steel substrate by using sol gel spin coating technique for application as anticorrosion coatings. Along with the synthesis, the effects of annealing temperature and various number of coating layers on anticorrosion properties were looked into. The corrosion behavior of deposited and annealed coatings was evaluated by salt spray testing in a neutral mist (ASTM B117-85 NSS) of 5% NaCl at 35 °C for 300 h. Titanium tetra-isopropoxide, tri-methyl phosphate and Nickel (II) nitrate hexahydrate were used as precursors. To characterize the coatings and powder various techniques were used: Thermogravimetric Analysis coupled to Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, Elemental Analysis ICP and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The microstructure and elemental identification were done by SEM with EDX and XPS analysis. XPS analysis confirmed that Ti, Ni, P, and O elements are present in the surface. The functional groups were identified by FTIR analysis. Finally, steel plates coated with TiO 2-NiO-P 2 O 5 composite displayed satisfactory anticorrosion properties under simulated seawater environment. The results of the study revealed that the annealing temperature at 450 °C and after six layers had a great impact on the anticorrosion properties of 57.5TiO 2-12.5NiO-30P 2 O 5 composite.

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Flame retardance and shrinkage reduction of polystyrene modified with acrylate-containing phosphorus and crosslinkable spiro-orthoester moieties

Cited by 34 publications

References 21 publications

Synthesis of polystyrene modified with fluorine atoms: Monomer reactivity ratios and thermal behavior

Synthesis of polystyrene modified with fluorine atoms: Monomer reactivity ratios and thermal behavior

Phosphorus-containing polymers from THPS.I. Design, synthesis, and characterization of novel monomer and polyureas

Preparation and characterization of phosphate-nickel-titanium composite coatings obtained by sol–gel process for corrosion protection

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