Flame retardance in some polystyrenes and poly(methyl methacrylate)s with covalently bound phosphorus-containing groups: initial screening experiments and some laser pyrolysis mechanistic studies

Ebdon, John R.; Price, Dennis; Hunt, B. J.; Joseph, Paul; Gao, Fengge; Milnes, G.J.; Cunliffe, L. K

doi:10.1016/s0141-3910(00)00066-5

Cited by 129 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The chemical structures and the degrees of purities of theses comonomers, as well as their precursors, were evaluated using both GC/MS analyses and NMR ( 1 H and 31 P) spectroscopy. The characteristics of the NMR spectra for all six comonomers were in agreement with previously published data [7][8][9]. P-and P-/N-containing comonomers were produced with typical yields ranging between 68 and 95 wt%.…”

Section: P-and P-/n-containing Comonomerssupporting

confidence: 89%

Pyrolysis Combustion Flow Calorimetry Studies on Some Reactively Modified Polymers

Tretsiakova-McNally

Joseph

2015

Polymers

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As a part of our continuing work to improve the flame retardance of some chain-growth polymers, by employing a reactive route, we have synthesized several unsaturated compounds containing either phosphorus (P), or both phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N), bearing groups in different chemical environments. They included: diethyl(acryloyloxymethyl)phosphonate (DEAMP); diethyl(1-acryloyloxyethyl)phosphonate (DE1AEP); diethyl-2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl phosphate (DEAEP); diethyl-2-(metharyloyloxy)ethyl phosphate (DEMEP); acrylic acid-2-(diethoxyphosphorylamino)ethyl ester (ADEPAE); acrylic acid-2-[(diethoxyphosphoryl)methyl amino]ethyl ester (ADEPMAE). Acrylonitrile (AN), methyl methacrylate (MMA) and styrene (S) were free radically copolymerised with the above mentioned comonomers. The recovered polymers were subjected to routine spectroscopic and thermo-gravimetric analyses. In addition, the combustion behaviours of homopolymers as well as the copolymers containing nominal loadings of P-, or P/N-, groups were, primarily, evaluated using pyrolysis combustion flow calorimetry (PCFC). PCFC has been found to be a very useful screening technique, especially, in establishing the efficacies of the different modifying groups towards flame retarding some base polymeric materials. Values of the heat release capacity (HRC) values normalised to the P contents (wt%) can be considered as useful tool in ranking the various P-containing modifying groups in terms of their efficacies to flame-retard non-halogenated chain-growth polymers considered in the present work. OPEN ACCESSPolymers 2015, 7 454

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Section: P-and P-/n-containing Comonomerssupporting

confidence: 89%

Pyrolysis Combustion Flow Calorimetry Studies on Some Reactively Modified Polymers

Tretsiakova-McNally

Joseph

2015

Polymers

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“…aryl-and vinyl-phosphonates, phosphine oxides and related derivatives) are compounds of practical importance in industry, agriculture, and medicine as well as in everyday life [34][35][36][37][38][39]. In addition to their applications as pesticides, detergents, or anticorrosive agents, these phosphorus-containing synthetic compounds Scheme 10 Pd/C-catalyzed synthesis of aryl diphenylphosphine oxides (28) in water Scheme 11 Ligand-free synthesis of arylphosphonates/phosphine oxides (30) have received a lot of attention both in drug research and in medicinal chemistry due to their great potential in combating diseases and pathological conditions, and curing parasitic infections [40].…”

Section: Applications Of the Hirao Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave-assisted Hirao reaction: recent developments

Brahmachari

2015

ChemTexts

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Organic molecules containing phosphorus, now, constitute a major branch of chemistry, and offer fascinating possibilities for their structural, synthetic, and mechanistic study as well as promising biological activities. Organophosphorus compounds find numerous potential applications in the areas of industrial, agricultural, and medicinal chemistry. Aryl-and vinyl-phosphonates are an important class of organophosphorus compounds with potential biological relevance. The Hirao reaction offers a way to access these compounds through phosphorus-carbon (P-C) cross-coupling of aryl and vinyl halides with O,O-dialkyl phosphites, and this reaction has attained a commendable development in many ways in regard to the diversity in the substrates, [P(O)H species, catalysts, and reaction conditions. The present article deals with such developments that occurred under the influence of microwave irradiation.

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“…A large excess of water was added, and the layers separated. The product was extracted with DCM, and the organic phase was dried over 11,12 A two-necked, round-bottom flask equipped with a condenser and a magnetic stirrer was charged under an inert atmosphere with 170 mL of anhydrous THF and 5.04 g (0.246 mol) of sodium hydride. The whitish suspension was cooled to 0 C under magnetic stirring.…”

Section: Experimental Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus‐containing soybean‐oil copolymers: Cross‐metathesis of fatty acid derivatives as an alternative to phosphorus‐containing reactive flame retardants

Sacristán¹,

Ronda²,

Galià³

et al. 2011

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Two different approaches to the creation of phosphorus-containing soybean-oil copolymers were investigated. First, two phosphorus-containing styrene (ST) derivatives, diphenyl styryl phosphine oxide and dimethylp-vinylbenzylphosphonate (STP2), where tested as comonomers in the cationic copolymerization of soybean oil (SOY), ST, and divinylbenzene (DVB), to obtain heterogeneous systems in all cases. To overcome this drawback, the crossmetathesis reaction of methyl 10-undecenoate and STP2 was carried out to link the phosphorus moiety to the vegetable-oil derivative. This second approach permitted the synthesis of a new reactive phosphorus-containing plant-oil derivative, which was incorporated into the soybean oil, ST, and DVB system. The cationic copolymerization was investigated, and the structure, thermal stability, and mechanical and flame-retardant properties of the resulting copolymers were studied. Thermosets with moderate glasstransition temperatures were obtained; this showed that the cross-metathesis reaction is a convenient way to produce oilcompatible monomers able to undergo homogeneous polymerization reactions. The resulting thermosets with 1% phosphorus had limiting oxygen index values about 24.0; this indicated an improvement in the fire-retardant properties of the soybean-oil-based copolymers.

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Flame retardance in some polystyrenes and poly(methyl methacrylate)s with covalently bound phosphorus-containing groups: initial screening experiments and some laser pyrolysis mechanistic studies

Cited by 129 publications

References 26 publications

Pyrolysis Combustion Flow Calorimetry Studies on Some Reactively Modified Polymers

Pyrolysis Combustion Flow Calorimetry Studies on Some Reactively Modified Polymers

Microwave-assisted Hirao reaction: recent developments

Phosphorus‐containing soybean‐oil copolymers: Cross‐metathesis of fatty acid derivatives as an alternative to phosphorus‐containing reactive flame retardants

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