Flame Retardancy and Thermal Performance of Polypropylene Treated With the Intumescent Flame Retardant, Piperazine Spirocyclic Phosphoramidate

Li, Bin; Zhan, Zhaoshun; Zhang, Hongfeng; Sun, Ce

doi:10.1002/vnl.21337

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Phosphorous FR can act in the condensed phase (by enabling the creation of crosslinked and charred structure, more particularly in polymers containing oxygen) or/and in the gas phase (by scavenging high energy radicals H and OH thanks to the formation of active radicals as PO , PO $ 2 and HPO ) [13]. Especially, APP has been used in combination with charring agents and other synergists to form efficient intumescent flame retardant systems [2,3,8,9]. These systems act by promoting an insulating expanded char layer at the surface of the sample during combustion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of phosphorous-modified silica on the flame retardancy of polypropylene based nanocomposites

Courtat

Mélis

Taulemesse

et al. 2015

Polymer Degradation and Stability

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International audienceSurface modification of various silicas by phosphorous agents was carried out with the aim to use these particles as flame retardant additive in a polypropylene matrice (PP) at low content (10 wt%). Thermal and flammability properties of PP/modified silica (PP-Tm-10%, PP-Zm-10%) were studied using TGA, PCFC and cone calorimeter and compared to those conferred by pure silica (PP-T-10%, PP-Z-10%). Quite surprisingly the untreated fillers induce the most significant reduction of peak of Heat Release Rate (50% decrease) while the surface modification by phosphorous agents does not lead to the expected effect on the fire behavior of PP composite. This phenomenon was related to the morphology and rheological behavior of the various PP composites. Indeed, the higher the storage modulus at low frequencies is, the better the fire behavior is, because of the induced barrier effect. Moreover, the addition of non modified silicas leads to a decrease of 10 s of the TTI. This phenomenon was related to the formation of bubbles after the PP melting during cone calorimeter test

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of phosphorous-modified silica on the flame retardancy of polypropylene based nanocomposites

Courtat

Mélis

Taulemesse

et al. 2015

Polymer Degradation and Stability

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“…The TGA results of the additive showed improved thermal stability and the char formation for LLDPE 154. At a 30 wt % of IFR 105 in LLDPE composite, the LOI values increased to 31% compared to 17% for the blank.…”

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confidence: 91%

Recent developments in P(O/S)–N containing flame retardants

Nazir

Gaan

2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Synthesis of organophosphorus compounds containing nitrogen as heteroatom and its application as a flame retardant (FR) have attracted much attention in the academic and industrial communities over the past decade. Such compounds are relatively easy to synthesize and offer advantages such as high thermal stability, which is useful for high temperature processing, improved char stability, density, and yield during the thermal decomposition of polymer, and release phosphorus species active in the flame inhibition process. Though a variety of phosphorus-nitrogen (P-N) compounds can be found in the literature, this review mostly summarizes the recent (since 2013) development in phosphorus (O)-nitrogen containing flame retardants which have been published in peer-reviewed journals. General strategies of synthesizing P(O)-N compounds as FRs from various phosphorus-based starting materials are highlighted in this review. Some of the most common classes of researched P(O)-N containing compounds as FRs include the phosphinamides, phosphonamides, phosphoramides, phosphoramidates, phosphorodiamidates, phosphonamidates and their thio counterparts which are usually obtained via a one-or two-step synthetic strategy. Incorporation of these compounds as FRs in various polymer systems such as polyurethane, epoxy resins, polyamides, cellulose, polylactide, poly(butylene terephthalate), polycarbonates, and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene are discussed in detail in this review. Special emphasis on the various fire and thermal performances of the new materials are also summarized. The mechanical performance of new materials and the influence of these additives on polymer processing are also briefly discussed.

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“…In the past few years, intumescent flame retardant has evolved as a halogen‐free, environment‐friendly flame retardant and is widely used in engineering plastics . Expandable graphite (EG) is manufactured by treating flake graphite with various intercalation reagents and has a layer structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties improvement and fire hazard reduction of expandable graphite microencapsulated in rigid polyurethane foams

Cheng

Sun

2018

Polymer Composites

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Nowadays, reducing the fire hazard and improving the mechanical strength of rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) at the same time are important research direction in the fields of safety materials. Expandable graphite (EG) is an effective flame retardant for RPUF, but would destroy the compatibility of the matrix. In this article, EG is capsuled by melamine cyanurate (MCA) and then microencapsulated expandable graphite (MCEG) is obtained, which is added into RPUF. The mechanical properties of composites were evaluated by compressive strength test, torsion strength test and shear stress test. The fire characteristics including smoke and heat production of RPUF composites were studied using cone calorimeter test. And the thermal decomposition and flammable properties were further evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis and limiting oxygen index. The results show that the mechanical properties of RPUF containing MCEG are similar with RPUF and better than RPUF containing EG. Furthermore, MCA cover would impede expanding of EG, which weakens the protective and insulation effects of expanding layer. Therefore, the composites containing MCEG decompose faster and produce more smoke than the composites containing EG. However, MCA and EG have the synergistic enhancing effect on the flame retardant property of composite. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:E1006–E1014, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Flame Retardancy and Thermal Performance of Polypropylene Treated With the Intumescent Flame Retardant, Piperazine Spirocyclic Phosphoramidate

Cited by 29 publications

References 29 publications

Effect of phosphorous-modified silica on the flame retardancy of polypropylene based nanocomposites

Effect of phosphorous-modified silica on the flame retardancy of polypropylene based nanocomposites

Recent developments in P(O/S)–N containing flame retardants

Mechanical properties improvement and fire hazard reduction of expandable graphite microencapsulated in rigid polyurethane foams

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