Flame retardancy, Thermal and mechanical properties of Kenaf fiber reinforced Unsaturated polyester/Phenolic composite

Marliana, M. M.; Hassan, Azman; Yuziah, M. Y. Nor; Khalil, H. P. S. Abdul; Inuwa, Ibrahim Mohammed; Syakir, Muhammad; Haafiz, M.K. Mohamad

doi:10.1007/s12221-016-5888-y

Cited by 32 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Kaolinite is one of the most widely distributed clay minerals in nature. In recent years, kaolinite has been widely used in flame retardants and other fields due to its high refractoriness, good thermal insulation and a good chemical stability [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. Kaolin is an inorganic silicon-containing flame retardant with a low cost and significant smoke suppression effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame Retardancy and Thermal Behavior of an Unsaturated Polyester Modified with Kaolinite–Urea Intercalation Complexes

Yue

Zhou

et al. 2020

Molecules

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Organic modified kaolinite-urea intercalation complex (KUIC) was prepared using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as the precursor of kaolinite intercalation. Its structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Subsequently, as a synergistic agent, KUIC was combined with flame retardant ammonium polyphosphate (APP) to improve the flame retardant and smoke suppression performance of unsaturated polyester (UP) resin. A cone calorimeter (CONE) was used to study its flame retardancy and smoke suppression, and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and thermogravimetry (TG) were used to study the micro morphology of the char and flame retardant mechanism. The results show that 12 phr of APP and 3 phr of KUIC were doped into UP to obtain a 28.0% limiting oxygen index (LOI) value. Compared with UP, the heat release rate and smoke production of UP/APP/KUIC composites were greatly decreased. Meanwhile, KUIC indeed enhanced the mechanical properties of UP.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame Retardancy and Thermal Behavior of an Unsaturated Polyester Modified with Kaolinite–Urea Intercalation Complexes

Yue

Zhou

et al. 2020

Molecules

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“…Phenolic resin resulted in a charring coating on the burnt residue during combustion, which would avoid oxygen dissemination. This char formation serves as a thermal shield between the heat source and the lower polymeric layers, thus increasing the value of LOI [67]. However, the LOI values decreased with the addition of MWCNT and CR fiber.…”

Section: Limiting Oxygen Index (Loi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Cyrtostachys renda Fiber Loading on the Mechanical, Morphology, and Flammability Properties of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes/Phenolic Bio-Composites

et al. 2021

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This research focuses on evaluating the effect of Cyrtostachys renda (CR) fiber and the impact of adding multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) on the morphological, physical, mechanical, and flammability properties of phenolic composites. MWCNT were supplemented with phenolic resin through a dry dispersion ball milling method. Composites were fabricated by incorporating CR fiber in 0.5 wt.% MWCNT-phenolic matrix by hot pressing. Nevertheless, the void content, higher water absorption, and thickness swelling increased with fiber loading to the MWCNT/phenolic composites. The presence of MWCNT in phenolic enhanced the tensile, flexural, and impact strength by as much as 18%, 8%, and 8%, respectively, compared to pristine phenolic. The addition of CR fiber, however, strengthened MWCNT-phenolic composites, improving the tensile, flexural, and impact strength by as much as 16%, 16%, and 266%, respectively, for 50 wt.% loading of CR fiber. The CR fiber may adhere properly to the matrix, indicating that there is a strong interface between fiber and MWCNT-phenolic resin. UL-94 horizontal and limiting oxygen index (LOI) results indicated that all composite materials are in the category of self-extinguishing. Based on the technique for order preference by similarity to the ideal solution (TOPSIS) technique, 50 wt.% CR fiber-reinforced MWCNT-phenolic composite was chosen as the optimal composite for mechanical and flammability properties. This bio-based eco-friendly composite has the potential to be used as an aircraft interior component.

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“…According to researchers, the kenaf fibers is nonabrasive during processing 16 and possess good mechanical and physical properties to be used in polymer composites as reinforcement, replacing glass fibers. 32,35,38 –41 It is worth noting that a single fiber of kenaf can have a tensile strength and modulus of 11.9 and 60 GPa, respectively. 3 The schematic representation of the natural plant cell wall is shown in Figure 5.…”

Section: Kenaf Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kenaf fibers reinforced unsaturated polyester composites: A review

Arjmandi

Yıldırım

Hatton

et al. 2021

Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics

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Recently development of high-performance polymer composites made from natural resources in the various sectors is increasing tremendously due to the environmental issues and health hazard possessed by the synthetic fibers during disposal and manufacturing. Among the many different types of natural resources, kenaf fibers have been extensively investigated as an alternative reinforcement for polymer composites over the past few years due to their low cost, good mechanical properties, high specific strength, nonabrasive, eco-friendly, and biodegradability characteristics. Kenaf is regarded as an industrial crop in Malaysia and grown commercially in other parts of the world for different applications. It is certainly one of the important plants cultivated for natural fibers globally which has great potential to use as automotive and construction materials. In many research studies, kenaf fibers have been used as reinforcement in unsaturated polyester (UPE) which perfectly improved the features of the polyester resin. The tensile properties of kenaf fiber reinforced UPE are mainly influenced by the interfacial adhesion between the fibers and the polyester resin. Several chemical modifications are employed to improve the interfacial bonding between kenaf fibers and polyester, resulting in the enhancement of mechanical properties of the composites. Therefore, this paper explores and highlights of the previous studies around kenaf fiber reinforced UPE composites, in terms of processing methods, mechanical, water absorption, and morphological properties to provide a perfect source of literature for doing further research in this topic.

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Flame retardancy, Thermal and mechanical properties of Kenaf fiber reinforced Unsaturated polyester/Phenolic composite

Cited by 32 publications

References 34 publications

Flame Retardancy and Thermal Behavior of an Unsaturated Polyester Modified with Kaolinite–Urea Intercalation Complexes

Flame Retardancy and Thermal Behavior of an Unsaturated Polyester Modified with Kaolinite–Urea Intercalation Complexes

Effect of Cyrtostachys renda Fiber Loading on the Mechanical, Morphology, and Flammability Properties of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes/Phenolic Bio-Composites

Kenaf fibers reinforced unsaturated polyester composites: A review

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