Flame retardant polymer materials: An update and the future for 3D printing developments

Vahabi, Henri; Laoutid, Fouad; Mehrpouya, Mehrshad; Saeb, Mohammad Reza; Dubois, Philippe

doi:10.1016/j.mser.2020.100604

Cited by 177 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 158 publications

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“…In recent years, the development of polymer materials with flame retardancy property has attracted great attention. [23] Rafiee et al reported a series of chiral polyamides with flame retardancy properties, which were prepared by the solution polycondensation of chiral aromatic dicarboxylic acid with different aromatic diamines. [24] In this study, the chiral aromatic dicarboxylic acid consists of rigid tetrabromophthalimide and flexible l-alanine moieties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Chiral Applications of Optically Active Polyamides

Zhong

Deng

2021

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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Chirality is omnipresent in nature and plays vital roles in living organism, and has become a hot research topic across multidisciplinary fields including chemistry, biology, physics, and material science. Meanwhile, polyamides constitute an important class of polymers and have received significant attention owing to their outstanding properties and wide-ranging applications in many areas. Judiciously introducing chirality into polyamides will undoubtedly obtain attractive chiral polymers, namely, optically active polyamides. This review describes the preparation methods of chiral polyamides, including solution polycondensation, interfacial polycondensation, ring-open polymerization, and others; the newly emerging categories of chiral polyamides, i.e., helical polyamides, chiral polyamide-imides, are also presented. The applications of optically active polyamides in chiral research fields including asymmetric catalysis, membrane separation, and enantioselective crystallization are also summarized. In addition, current challenges in chiral polyamides are further presented and future perspectives in the field are proposed. Preparation of Chiral Polyamides Solution PolycondensationSolution condensation polymerization is one of the most common methods to prepare chiral polyamides. Yoshikawa and

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Chiral Applications of Optically Active Polyamides

Zhong

Deng

2021

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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“…While FFF has matured considerably in recent years, many of the potential engineering applications for 3D printed parts are hindered by the inherent flammability of most commercial thermoplastics. [4] This is complicated by the fact that many of the best-studied flame retardants (FRs) are halogenated and have been removed from the market over concerns related to their toxicity and poor environmental effects. [5,6] DOI: 10.1002/mame.202100245 Considerable effort has recently been put into developing FR 3D printing filaments to improve their utility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmentally Benign Flame Retardant Polyamide‐6 Filament for Additive Manufacturing

Kolibaba

Nigam

Tai

et al. 2021

Macro Materials & Eng

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The engineering applications of thermoplastic 3D printing filaments are currently limited by their inherent flammability, especially in fields such as automotive and aerospace, which require high standards for material safety. Polyamide-6 (PA6) is of particular interest for additive manufacturing but is a very flammable thermoplastic known to spread fires due to its aggressive melt-dripping. A flame retardant (FR) composite filament composed of PA6, ammonium polyphosphate, and aluminum phosphate is shown to be printable under identical conditions to commercially available PA6. Calorimetry measurements reveal that the composite filament generates a 7000% increase in char yield, along with 47% and 31% decreases in peak heat release rate and total heat release, respectively. Additionally, open flame testing demonstrates a significantly reduced capacity for this filament to spread fire to other nearby combustible materials. This unique FR additive system represents an important step toward improving the safety and utility of 3D printed parts.

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“…The high content of inorganic particles in the polymer matrix always leads to a significant deterioration of flexibility and other properties. To improve the compatibility between the organic matrix and inorganic fillers, the fillers (e.g., Mg(OH) 2 and Al(OH) 3 ) have to be ground into nanoparticles and then treated by surfactants [ 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Therefore, the development of novel compound flame retardants is important to replace or partially replace currently used inorganic flame retardants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of a Cyclophosphazene Derivative Containing Multiple Cyano Groups for Electron-Beam Irradiated Flame-Retardant Materials

Leng¹,

Yang

Zhu

et al. 2021

Polymers

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A cyclophosphazene derivative containing multiple cyano groups, denoted as hexa(4-cyanophenoxy)cyclotriphosphazene (CN-CP), was synthesized by a one-step nucleophilic substitution reaction for a phosphorus–nitrogen flame retardant. To meet the strict requirement of safe and environment-protective insulation materials, a series of composites based on low-density polyethylene-poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) containing CN-CP/Mg(OH)2/Al(OH)3 organic-inorganic synergistic flame retardants was fabricated. High-energy electron beam irradiation was subsequently applied to obtain a halogen-free flame-retardant crosslinked system. The relationship between crosslinking degree and irradiation dose was studied, and crosslinking degrees ranging within 63%–85% were obtained under 100–190 kGy. Furthermore, the effects of CN-CP filler and irradiation dose on the properties of the composites were carefully investigated. The maximum tensile stress and limiting oxygen index values of most composites irradiated by EB were more than 15 MPa and 28%. Results revealed that the obtained materials had excellent thermal and mechanical, flame-retardant, and insulation properties, thereby suggesting their promising prospects for wire and cable applications.

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Flame retardant polymer materials: An update and the future for 3D printing developments

Cited by 177 publications

References 158 publications

Preparation and Chiral Applications of Optically Active Polyamides

Preparation and Chiral Applications of Optically Active Polyamides

Environmentally Benign Flame Retardant Polyamide‐6 Filament for Additive Manufacturing

Synthesis of a Cyclophosphazene Derivative Containing Multiple Cyano Groups for Electron-Beam Irradiated Flame-Retardant Materials

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