Flat optics with dispersion-engineered metasurfaces

Chen, Wei Ting; Zhu, Alexander Y.; Capasso, Federico

doi:10.1038/s41578-020-0203-3

Cited by 551 publications

(352 citation statements)

References 168 publications

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“…The second (or processing) plane which generally accommodates lenses, holograms, or nonlinear elements can also take advantage of best-of-breed alldielectric metasurfaces. Recent advances in achromatic focusing [93], computational imaging [94], and multiplane holography [95] promise the emergence of these platforms as new paradigms in computational systems. Moreover, recent development of multiplexed and multifunctional metasurfaces through integration of different information channels into a single or multilayered metasurfaces with segmented or interleaved metaatoms [96,97] could have deep impact on the future optical computation technology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta-optics for spatial optical analog computing

2020

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Rapidly growing demands for high-performance computing, powerful data processing, and big data necessitate the advent of novel optical devices to perform demanding computing processes effectively. Due to its unprecedented growth in the past two decades, the field of meta-optics offers a viable solution for spatially, spectrally, and/or even temporally sculpting amplitude, phase, polarization, and/or dispersion of optical wavefronts. In this review, we discuss state-of-the-art developments, as well as emerging trends, in computational metastructures as disruptive platforms for spatial optical analog computation. Two fundamental approaches based on general concepts of spatial Fourier transformation and Green’s function (GF) are discussed in detail. Moreover, numerical investigations and experimental demonstrations of computational optical surfaces and metastructures for solving a diverse set of mathematical problems (e.g., integrodifferentiation and convolution equations) necessary for on-demand information processing (e.g., edge detection) are reviewed. Finally, we explore the current challenges and the potential resolutions in computational meta-optics followed by our perspective on future research directions and possible developments in this promising area.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta-optics for spatial optical analog computing

2020

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“…A brief summary of the design steps of a metalens is given in Box 1 with simulation illustrations. A more general flow chart of designing a general metasurface device not only a lens can be found in [44].…”

Section: Design Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A metasurface biosensor in terahertz was used for in situ cell apoptosis measurement [144]. The design contained a planar array of five concentric gold nanorings (20,28,36,44, and 52 μm) on a polyimide substrate (Figure 7a). The distance between each group of concentric gold nanorings was 4 μm and the transmitted terahertz spectrum in Figure 7b showed four resonance peaks.…”

Section: Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, demonstrations of largearea metalenses with single wavelength operation in the visible and near-infrared wavelength ranges [10,14,83,189] and achromatic focusing of small area metalenses [190,191] have been reported. Hence, it is promising that this challenge can be solved soon with the advancement in both metasurface design methodologies and fabrication techniques [44]. Secondly, most metasurfaces operate with an incidence light that is normal to the interface, which translates to a limited FOV.…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metasurfaces for biomedical applications: imaging and sensing from a nanophotonics perspective

et al. 2020

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Metasurface is a recently developed nanophotonics concept to manipulate the properties of light by replacing conventional bulky optical components with ultrathin (more than 104 times thinner) flat optical components. Since the first demonstration of metasurfaces in 2011, they have attracted tremendous interest in the consumer optics and electronics industries. Recently, metasurface-empowered novel bioimaging and biosensing tools have emerged and been reported. Given the recent advances in metasurfaces in biomedical engineering, this review article covers the state of the art for this technology and provides a comprehensive interdisciplinary perspective on this field. The topics that we have covered include metasurfaces for chiral imaging, endoscopic optical coherence tomography, fluorescent imaging, super-resolution imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, quantitative phase imaging, sensing of antibodies, proteins, DNAs, cells, and cancer biomarkers. Future directions are discussed in twofold: application-specific biomedical metasurfaces and bioinspired metasurface devices. Perspectives on challenges and opportunities of metasurfaces, biophotonics, and translational biomedical devices are also provided. The objective of this review article is to inform and stimulate interdisciplinary research: firstly, by introducing the metasurface concept to the biomedical community; and secondly by assisting the metasurface community to understand the needs and realize the opportunities in the medical fields. In addition, this article provides two knowledge boxes describing the design process of a metasurface lens and the performance matrix of a biosensor, which serve as a “crash-course” introduction to those new to both fields.

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“…Metasurfaces [12][13][14][15], single or few-layer subwavelength structures which are capable of modulating the phase, amplitude, and polarization of electromagnetic waves [16][17][18][19], have provided new strategies for various optical elements and systems including flat lenses [20][21][22], holograms [23][24][25], electromagnetic stealth [26][27][28], vortex beam generator [29], tunable optical components [30,31], flat displays [32,33], and so on. Notably, optical spatial computing based on metamaterials including differentiators, integrators, and equation solvers is proposed by Silva et al in 2014 [34], opening new avenues for optical analog computing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monolithic metasurface spatial differentiator enabled by asymmetric photonic spin-orbit interactions

Zhang

et al. 2020

Nanophotonics

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Spatial differentiator is the key element for edge detection, which is indispensable in image processing, computer vision involving image recognition, image restoration, image compression, and so on. Spatial differentiators based on metasurfaces are simpler and more compact compared with traditional bulky optical analog differentiators. However, most of them still rely on complex optical systems, leading to the degraded compactness and efficiency of the edge detection systems. To further reduce the complexity of the edge detection system, a monolithic metasurface spatial differentiator is demonstrated based on asymmetric photonic spin-orbit interactions. Edge detection can be accomplished via such a monolithic metasurface using the polarization degree. Experimental results show that the designed monolithic spatial differentiator works in a broadband range. Moreover, 2D edge detection is experimentally demonstrated by the proposed monolithic metasurface. The proposed design can be applied at visible and near-infrared wavelengths by proper dielectric materials and designs. We envision this approach may find potential applications in optical analog computing on compact optical platforms.

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Flat optics with dispersion-engineered metasurfaces

Cited by 551 publications

References 168 publications

Meta-optics for spatial optical analog computing

Meta-optics for spatial optical analog computing

Metasurfaces for biomedical applications: imaging and sensing from a nanophotonics perspective

Monolithic metasurface spatial differentiator enabled by asymmetric photonic spin-orbit interactions

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