Flatfoot in Indian Population

Pandey, Sudhakar; Pal, Chandra Prakash; Kumar, Deepak; Singh, Pooja

doi:10.1177/230949901302100110

Cited by 19 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…12 The foot posture index (FPI) is demonstrably repeatable, has been validated and is widely used in both research and clinical settings. 13,14 However, despite many advances in foot biomechanics, there is no consensus on the foot assessment method. Both footprints and FPI are frequently used, 14,15 yet it is unknown if these methods correlate, agree or conflict.…”

Section: What This Paper Addsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13,14 However, despite many advances in foot biomechanics, there is no consensus on the foot assessment method. Both footprints and FPI are frequently used, 14,15 yet it is unknown if these methods correlate, agree or conflict. The concept of posture implies analysis of the three-dimensional structure, and a footprint uses only a two-dimensional plane, but clinicians may mix these concepts.…”

Section: What This Paper Addsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, foot posture measures have been developed from a direct evaluation of the surface anatomy of the foot . The foot posture index (FPI) is demonstrably repeatable, has been validated and is widely used in both research and clinical settings . However, despite many advances in foot biomechanics, there is no consensus on the foot assessment method.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the paediatric foot using footprints and foot posture index: A cross‐sectional study

Gijón-Noguerón

Marchena‐Rodriguez

Montes-Alguacil

et al. 2019

J Paediatrics Child Health

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Aim Footprints have long been used as proxy measures of foot morphology, yet there is little consensus regarding footprints versus measures of foot posture, which address foot anatomy directly. Foot posture in children can be a confusing clinical presentation, with previous studies both supporting and refuting the relationship between childhood obesity and flat feet. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between footprints and foot posture in children. Methods A total of 316 school children (153 boys, 163 girls) from Spain, aged 6–9 years, were assessed for both footprint (Clarke's angle (CA)), by Tecniwork Pedrograph Plate, and foot posture (foot posture index (FPI)) measures, with participants barefoot, in a relaxed standing position, on a 50‐cm elevated platform. Results A negative correlation was found between FPI and footprints (CA) (rho = −0.505 left, P < 0.001) and by gender (rho = −0.457 for the left foot in girls, P < 0.001; rho = −0.548 for the left foot in boys, P < 0.001). The children with pes cavus according to the CA (73.3%) had normal feet according to FPI, and the children with severe pes planus according to the CA (78.98%) had pronated feet according to the FPI. A χ2 test showed these results to be statistically significant (P > 0.001). Conclusions An inverse relationship between CA and FPI was identified, that is, the greater the FPI, the smaller the CA, but not all pronated foot are planus feet and not all cavus feet are supinated feet. Footprints may overestimate and misguide paediatric foot posture concerns.

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Section: What This Paper Addsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: What This Paper Addsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the paediatric foot using footprints and foot posture index: A cross‐sectional study

Gijón-Noguerón

Marchena‐Rodriguez

Montes-Alguacil

et al. 2019

J Paediatrics Child Health

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“…Due to the links between PM emissions and health effects [4][5][6] it is necessary to measure the particle characteristics. Dust particles of size 2.5 -10 microns constitute fine dust particle remain suspended in the air and get entry in to the respiratory tract and pulmonary system of human beings and have a long term effect on health 3 .…”

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The initial step toward improving air quality is the monitoring of the atmospheric air. Haze in an air pollution condition formed due to the presence of very fine dust, mist, fumes and so on in the atmosphere 3 . Particulate pollution is one of the most…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Combined Analysis of Airborne Particulate Pollutants Exposure and its Potential Risk

Thambavani¹,

Maheswari²

2013

Chem Sci Trans

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Atmospheric air quality deterioration is the one of the most significant environmental concern both developed and developing countries. In this study ambient air was monitored at regular intervals to assess gradients of air pollutants to evaluate the impact of particulate pollutants on human health. In atmospheric pollution monitoring, sampling is the first part of the study. Sampling of pollutants is especially difficult work and the automated instruments used for this purpose. The study was undertaken at Virudhunagar in Tamilnadu (India) and ambient air was monitored at 3 sites. Levels of particulate pollutants PM 10 and PM 2.5 were higher during the whole study period with more contribution during summer compared to other seasons. Potential risk to the population was analyzed by collecting data from hospitals and analyzed with particulate pollutant concentrations. Mean values of common respiratory diseases observed in the study area were statistically analyzed and related to particulate pollutant levels. Use of regression and correlation results provides insights to guide in assessing intra-urban air quality impacts. Diseases like asthma(r=0.9) and common cold (r=0.7) showed highest positive correlation with PM 10 .And PM 2.5 showed significant positive correlation with the mean value of patients suffered from asthma. Taken together with previous studies the study provides additional evidence that long-term exposure to poor air quality is a hazard to the public health. The result indicated that, a need of an effective air pollution control policy keeping in view the detrimental effects of the particulate pollution in the study area.

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Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet

Evans

Rome

Carroll

et al. 2022

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

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BackgroundPaediatric flat feet are a common presentation in primary care; reported prevalence approximates 15%. A minority of flat feet can hurt and limit gait. There is no optimal strategy, nor consensus, for using foot orthoses (FOs) to treat paediatric flat feet. ObjectivesTo assess the benefits and harms of foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet. Search methodsWe searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and Embase to 01 September 2021, and two clinical trials registers on 07 August 2020. Selection criteriaWe identified all randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of FOs as an intervention for paediatric flat feet. The outcomes included in this review were pain, function, quality of life, treatment success, and adverse events. Intended comparisons were: any FOs versus sham, any FOs versus shoes, customised FOs (CFOs) versus prefabricated FOs (PFOs). Data collection and analysisWe followed standard methods recommended by Cochrane. Main resultsWe included 16 trials with 1058 children, aged 11 months to 19 years, with flexible flat feet. Distinct flat foot presentations included asymptomatic, juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), symptomatic and developmental co-ordination disorder (DCD). The trial interventions were FOs, footwear, foot and rehabilitative exercises, and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES). Due to heterogeneity, we did not pool the data. Most trials had potential for selection, performance, detection, and selective reporting bias. No trial blinded participants. We present the results separately for asymptomatic (healthy children) and symptomatic (children with JIA) flat feet.The certainty of evidence was very low to low, downgraded for bias, imprecision, and indirectness. Three comparisons were evaluated across trials: CFO versus shoes; PFO versus shoes; CFO versus PFO. Asymptomatic flat feetFoot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet (Review)

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Flatfoot in Indian Population

Abstract: The great toe extension test was the best screening tool. The FPI was a good tool for diagnosing and grading of flatfoot and evaluating treatment progress. Combining foot exercises and foot wear modifications achieved the best outcome.

Cited by 19 publications

References 21 publications

Evaluation of the paediatric foot using footprints and foot posture index: A cross‐sectional study

Evaluation of the paediatric foot using footprints and foot posture index: A cross‐sectional study

A Combined Analysis of Airborne Particulate Pollutants Exposure and its Potential Risk

Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet

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