Flavobacterium faecale sp. nov., an agarase-producing species isolated from stools of Antarctic penguins

Abstract

Taxonomic studies were performed on an agarase-producing strain, designated WV33 T , isolated from faeces of Antarctic penguins. Cells of strain WV33 T were Gram-staining-negative, strictly aerobic, orange and rod-shaped. Strain WV33 T displayed agarase activity and was able to utilize galactose as a sole carbon source. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain WV33 T was closely related to Flavobacterium algicola TC2 T (98.0 % similarity), F. frigidarium ATCC 700810 T (96.9 %) and F. frigoris LMG 21922 T (96.1 %). The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C 15 : 1 G, iso-C 15 : 0 , C 15 : 0 , C 16 : 0 and summed feature 3 (comprising iso-C 15 : 0 2-OH and/or C 16 : 1 v7c). Menaquinone 6 (MK-6) was the sole quinone identified, and the major pigment was zeaxanthin. The major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. DNA-DNA relatedness of strain WV33 T with respect to its closest phylogenetic neighbours was 25 % for F. algicola NBRC 102673 T , 23 % for F. frigidarium DSM 17623 T and 21 % for F. frigoris DSM 15719 T . The DNA G+C content of strain WV33 T was 37±0.6 mol%. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain WV33 T is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium, for which the name Flavobacterium faecale sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is WV33 T (5KCTC 32457 T 5CECT 8384 T ).

Planococcus faecalis sp. nov., a carotenoid-producing species isolated from stools of Antarctic penguins

“…The biochemical properties of strain AJ003 T were evaluated using the API 20E systems (bioMérieux) incubated at 25 °C for 3 days and confirmed by traditional methods. Degradation of gelatin, starch and Tween 80 was examined on MA according to previously described methods (Kim et al , 2014; Lewin & Lounsbery, 1969; McCammon & Bowman, 2000). The phenotypic characteristics of strain AJ003 T are stated in the species description and in .…”

“…in the second direction. Total lipids were detected by spraying the TLC plates with 5 % (w/v) ethanolic molybdophosphoric acid and both ninhydrin (0.2 % water-saturated butanol) and α-naphthol/sulphuric acid were used to reveal the polar lipids with specific functional groups (Minnikin et al, 1977; Yokota et al , 1993; Kim et al , 2014). DNA–DNA hybridization of strain AJ003 T with the four reference strains was performed at 37 °C using photobiotin-labelled probes, as described by Ezaki et al (1989).…”

Flavobacterium muglaense sp. nov. isolated from internal organs of apparently healthy rainbow trout

“… *All data of F. frigidarium A2i T taken from Kim et al . [39]. †Summed features are fatty acids that cannot be resolved reliably from another fatty acid using the chromatographic conditions chosen.…”

Characterisation of an exo-(α-1,3)-3,6-anhydro-d-galactosidase produced by the marine bacterium Zobellia galactanivorans DsijT: Insight into enzyme preference for natural carrageenan oligosaccharides and kinetic characterisation on a novel chromogenic substrate

“…Clade 1 contains bacterial members that have animal, including human, hosts and/or members that were sourced from human feces. Clade 2 contains bacteria from the marine niche and includes one member that has an animal host: Flavobacterium faecale, isolated from the stools of Antarctic penguins [33]. The clade 1 bacterial members are more diverse than their clade 2 counterparts and contain members from three Gram-positive Firmicutes from the Class Clostridia, several Gram-positive Bifidobacterium species and one Gram-negative Victivallales isolated from sewage sludge [34].…”