Flavonoid concentrations in three grass species and a sedge grown in the field and under controlled environment conditions in response to enhanced UV-B radiation

Staaij, J. van de; Bakker, N.V.J. de; Oosthoek, Annelies J. P.; Broekman, Rob; Beem, A. van; Stroetenga, M.; Aerts, Rien; Rozema, J.

doi:10.1016/s1011-1344(01)00271-8

Cited by 55 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Also upon accurate quantitation, the tricin content was higher in leaves (about 18 mg g 21 ) than in stems (about 7 mg g 21 ). The higher levels of tricin in leaves may be attributable to the biological function of tricin in protecting plants against insect attack (Bing et al, 2007) and protecting DNA against radiation damage (Stapleton and Walbot, 1994;van de Staaij et al, 2002). In line with the higher tricin content in leaves, the consequences of the C2-Idf mutation were more pronounced in leaves than in stems; the relative fraction of condensed b-5, b-b, and b-b9 units was more elevated in C2-Idf leaves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Silencing CHALCONE SYNTHASE in Maize Impedes the Incorporation of Tricin into Lignin and Increases Lignin Content

et al. 2016

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Lignin is a phenolic heteropolymer that is deposited in secondary-thickened cell walls, where it provides mechanical strength. A recent structural characterization of cell walls from monocot species showed that the flavone tricin is part of the native lignin polymer, where it is hypothesized to initiate lignin chains. In this study, we investigated the consequences of altered tricin levels on lignin structure and cell wall recalcitrance by phenolic profiling, nuclear magnetic resonance, and saccharification assays of the naturally silenced maize (Zea mays) C2-Idf (inhibitor diffuse) mutant, defective in the CHALCONE SYNTHASE Colorless2 (C2) gene. We show that the C2-Idf mutant produces highly reduced levels of apigenin-and tricin-related flavonoids, resulting in a strongly reduced incorporation of tricin into the lignin polymer. Moreover, the lignin was enriched in b-b and b-5 units, lending support to the contention that tricin acts to initiate lignin chains and that, in the absence of tricin, more monolignol dimerization reactions occur. In addition, the C2-Idf mutation resulted in strikingly higher Klason lignin levels in the leaves. As a consequence, the leaves of C2-Idf mutants had significantly reduced saccharification efficiencies compared with those of control plants. These findings are instructive for lignin engineering strategies to improve biomass processing and biochemical production.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Silencing CHALCONE SYNTHASE in Maize Impedes the Incorporation of Tricin into Lignin and Increases Lignin Content

et al. 2016

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“…The effluent from the DAD was directed to a 6410 triple-quadrupole mass analyzer (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA) equipped with an electrospray ionization (ESI) interface. MS analysis was performed in the negative ion mode (m/z 100−1200) under the following conditions: nitrogen gas; gas temperature, 300°C; gas flow rate, 12 …”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Fungal Endophyte Infection on Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity in Grasses: Interaction between Lolium perenne and Different Strains of Neotyphodium lolii

Qawasmeh

Obied

Raman

et al. 2012

J. Agric. Food Chem.

100

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Lolium perenne is a major forage and turf grass, which is often naturally infected with a "wild-type" strain (E(WT)) of the fungal endophyte Neotyphodium lolii , establishing a symbiotic relationship. In this study, the impacts of different strains wild type E(WT), AR1 (E(AR1)) and AR37 (E(AR37)), of N. lolii on the phenolic profile, phenolic content, and antioxidant capacity of L. perenne were examined. Samples could be ranked according to their phenol content as follows: E(AR1) > E(AR37) ≥ E(-) > E(WT). Radical-scavenging assays showed the same relative ranking of extracts. Flavonoid glycosides and hydroxycinnamic acids were the most abundant polyphenols in L. perenne extracts. Chlorogenic acid and its derivatives were the major compounds responsible for the antioxidant activity. Infection with N. lolii significantly influenced L. perenne phenolic content and antioxidant activity. In conclusion, changes in phenolic composition were merely quantitative. Endophyte infection can have zero, positive, or negative effect on phenol content depending on the endophyte strain.

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“…Because the presence of the OH group in the 3-position of the flavonoid skeleton is the main structural feature responsible in chelating metal ions such as iron, copper, zinc, aluminum, and hence, inhibiting the formation of free radicals as well as to reduce ROS once formed, it was suggested that flavonols might play yet uncharacterized roles in the UV stress response (Verdan et al, 2011). Furthermore, grass species such as Deschampsia antarctica , Deschampsia borealis , and Calamagrostis epigeios that grow in regions with elevated levels of solar UV-B radiation have high constitutive levels of flavonoids like the flavones orientin and luteolin, that protect plants against this stress condition (Van De Staaij et al, 2002). Similarly, maize plants growing at high altitudes accumulate C -glycosyl flavones in leaves, maysin and its biosynthetic precursor rhamnosylisoorientin, flavones commonly found in silks, as a mechanism that prevents damage caused by high UV-B exposure (Zhang et al, 2003; Casati and Walbot, 2005).…”

Section: Biological Functions Of Flavonoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flavonoids: biosynthesis, biological functions, and biotechnological applications

Ferreyra¹,

Rius²,

Casati³

2012

Front. Plant Sci.

1,211

774

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Flavonoids are widely distributed secondary metabolites with different metabolic functions in plants. The elucidation of the biosynthetic pathways, as well as their regulation by MYB, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH), and WD40-type transcription factors, has allowed metabolic engineering of plants through the manipulation of the different final products with valuable applications. The present review describes the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis, as well as the biological functions of flavonoids in plants, such as in defense against UV-B radiation and pathogen infection, nodulation, and pollen fertility. In addition, we discuss different strategies and achievements through the genetic engineering of flavonoid biosynthesis with implication in the industry and the combinatorial biosynthesis in microorganisms by the reconstruction of the pathway to obtain high amounts of specific compounds.

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Flavonoid concentrations in three grass species and a sedge grown in the field and under controlled environment conditions in response to enhanced UV-B radiation

Cited by 55 publications

References 21 publications

Silencing CHALCONE SYNTHASE in Maize Impedes the Incorporation of Tricin into Lignin and Increases Lignin Content

Silencing CHALCONE SYNTHASE in Maize Impedes the Incorporation of Tricin into Lignin and Increases Lignin Content

Influence of Fungal Endophyte Infection on Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity in Grasses: Interaction between Lolium perenne and Different Strains of Neotyphodium lolii

Flavonoids: biosynthesis, biological functions, and biotechnological applications

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