Flavonoid dynamic responses to different drought conditions: amount, type, and localization of flavonols in roots and shoots of Arabidopsis thaliana L.

Abstract

Flavonoids accumulate in plants in response to water deficit. Changes in amount, type, and localization of flavonoids under different drought conditions in Arabidopsis thaliana have not been well investigated. Therefore, in this study flavonoid patterns were investigated under water potentials of-0.2,-0.5, and-0.9 MPa at 0, 24, 48, 120, and 192 h after drought induction. Determination of amount and type of flavonoids was performed by HPLC and spectroscopy. In addition, localization of flavonoids was detected by DPBA staining and a fluorescent microscope. Only quercetin and kaempferol were detected in hydrolyzed extracts of roots and shoots. The maximum amounts of the above-mentioned flavonols were detected under severe drought stress. Under all drought conditions, there was more kaempferol than quercetin. Moreover, amounts of both flavonols and total flavonoids were greater in roots than in shoots. Different fluorescence intensities of the flavonoid-DPBA complex were observed in all seedlings from shoots to root tips. The results of this study suggest that flavonoid responses of Arabidopsis to drought stress are dynamic, and intensity and duration of drought stress could play a key role in determination of type, amount, and localization of flavonoids in response to different levels of water deficit.

Lipidomics Unravels the Role of Leaf Lipids in Thyme Plant Response to Drought Stress

“…The increase of flavonoids and isoflavonoids in stressedplantsis in agreement with recent reports on other plant species [ 37 , 38 ]. Indeed, these secondary metabolitescan scavenge ROS and protect plant cellfromoxidative stress caused by water deficiency [ 39 , 40 ]. The role of biosynthesis of steroids and other unsaturated fatty acidsin drought stressresponse of thyme plantshas been previouslydiscussed.…”

Molecular study of drought response in the Mediterranean conifer Pinus pinaster Ait.: Differential transcriptomic profiling reveals constitutive water deficit‐independent drought tolerance mechanisms

“…Flavonoids play different molecular functions in stress protection, including inhibition of polar auxin transport, that interferes with hormone signaling (Dao, Linthorst, & Verpoorte, 2011), and antioxidant defense (Gill & Tuteja, 2010). Flavonoids accumulate at the site of lateral root formation in drought‐stressed Arabidopsis plants, which could suggest a positive effect on lateral root formation (Shojaie, Mostajeran, & Ghannadian, 2016) also found in poplar (Dash et al., 2017). Additionally, biosynthesis of carotenoids, which are precursors of abscisic acid (ABA) with functional roles as light harvesters, photoprotection, and structure stabilization, increases in roots of maize and Arabidopsis under drought and salt stress (Li, Vallabhaneni, Yu, Rocheford, & Wurtzel, 2008; Ruiz‐Sola, Arbona, Gómez‐Cadenas, Rodríguez‐Concepción, & Rodríguez‐Villalón, 2014).…”

Unraveling Rice Tolerance Mechanisms Against Schizotetranychus oryzae Mite Infestation

“…Interestingly, the accumulation of phenolic compounds along with enhancement of phenylpropanoid metabolism has been observed under different environmental stress conditions ( Michalak, 2006 ). Phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway synthesizes flavonoids, which have many diverse functions, including plant responses to stress conditions (as cold and drought – Schulz et al, 2016 ; Shojaie et al, 2016 ) and defense ( Buer et al, 2010 ), functioning as powerful antioxidants. Under infested condition, we detected flavonol-3- O -glycoside-7- O -glucosyltransferase 1 protein, involved with flavonol biosynthesis ( Sun et al, 2016 ), 3.6-fold more abundant on the tolerant IRGA 423 cultivar than the susceptible one ( Supplementary Table S5 ), suggesting that flavonoids can also contribute to tolerate S. oryzae infestation.…”