Flaxseed combined with low-dose estrogen therapy preserves bone tissue in ovariectomized rats

Sacco, Sandra M.; Jiang, Jessica M Y; Reza-López, Sandra A.; W.L., David; Thompson, Lilian U.; Ward, Wendy E.

doi:10.1097/gme.0b013e31818fc00a

Cited by 41 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Significant associations were demonstrated only in women without HT at baseline. Findings from ovariectomized female rats indicate that estrogen's effect on bone is augmented by n-3 fatty acid containing diets (Schlemmer et al, 1999;Sacco et al, 2009). However, it is possible that overwhelming importance of hormone use on bone masks any effect of other factors with minor value for bone health in observational studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids with bone mineral density in elderly women

et al. 2011

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Background/Objectives: Significance of dietary fatty acids on bone health is not clear, and the evidence is controversial. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and bone mineral density (BMD) among elderly women. Subjects/Methods: Subjects (n ¼ 554) were drawn from the Kuopio OSTPRE Fracture Prevention Study. At baseline they filled a 3-day food record and a questionnaire on lifestyle factors, diseases and medications. BMD was measured at lumbar spine (L2-L4), femoral neck and total body by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline and after 3 years. The associations between dietary fatty acids and BMD were analyzed by a linear mixed model adjusting for potential dietary and non-dietary confounders. Results: Our findings suggested a positive relationship between the dietary PUFAs and BMD at lumbar spine and in total body but not at femoral neck. Further analyses revealed that these results were due to associations among the women without hormone therapy (HT) at baseline. Among them, the intake of total PUFAs as well the intakes of linoleic and linolenic acids and total n-3 and n-6 fatty acids were significantly associated with BMD at lumbar spine; P for trend over the quartiles ranged between 0.013 and 0.001. Similarly, significant associations were demonstrated for total body BMD and fatty acids with an exception of total PUFA. No significant associations were found among women with HT at baseline. Conclusions: Our findings among elderly women without HT support the suggested beneficial effect of dietary PUFAs on bone health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids with bone mineral density in elderly women

et al. 2011

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“…However, due to its limited shelf-life, flaxseed was not used for human nutrition for a period of time. However, nowadays it gains attention worldwide as a functional food due to the findings that the consumption of flaxseed brings benefits to health, such as to help reducing the risk of occurrence of breast cancer, osteoporosis, diabetes, heart disease, and menopausal symptoms (DUFFY;CYR, 2003;DODIN et al, 2008;SACCO et al, 2009;THAKUR et al, 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of storage and processing of Brazilian flaxseed on lipid and lignan contents

et al. 2012

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Flaxseed has been widely studied around the world; its incorporation into products habitually consumed by human populations has been stimulated due to its unique nutritional value. The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition of Brazilian flaxseed, to analyze the stability of lipids present in whole flaxseed flour (WFF) or partially defatted flaxseed flour (DFF) stored under several temperatures, and to investigate the effect of bread making on a product containing flaxseed. Whole flaxseed flour presented (g.100 g-1) 25.7 of insoluble fiber, 10.7 of soluble fiber, 38.9 of lipids, and 2.65 of lignan. Defatted flaxseed flour presented 65% less lipids, 36% more fiber and 56% more lignan than whole flaxseed flour. The fatty acid profile was maintained in the defatted flaxseed flour, and it presented a stable composition during storage under ambient temperature, refrigeration, and freezing. The fatty acid profile was similar in the bread containing defatted flaxseed flour after dough development, baking, and storage at room temperature or refrigerated. After baking, 89% of the lignan content was kept in bread. Results show that Brazilian flaxseed has an interesting chemical composition, and that defatted flaxseed, by-product of lipid extraction, presents a good stability to grind and storage under several temperatures. Thus, defatted flaxseed flour can be incorporated in bread, increasing its nutritional and functional value.

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“…Frozen bone marrow was removed with a 21 gauge needle and tissue paper. Bone fragments were wrapped in aluminum foil, submersed in liquid nitrogen, then hammered and pulverized using a mortar and pestle as previously described [11]. The resultant powder was transferred into 15-mL glass screw-cap Kimax tubes and total lipids were extracted using chloroform/methanol (2:1) [12].…”

Section: Femur Lipid Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Saturated Fat Diet Alters the Lipid Composition of Triacylglycerol and Polar Lipids in the Femur of Dam and Offspring Rats

Miotto

Castelli

Amoye

et al. 2015

Lipids

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Previous work has shown that dietary lipids alter femur lipid composition. Specifically, we have shown that exposure to high saturated fatty acid (SFA) diets in utero, during suckling, or post-weaning alters femur total lipid composition, resulting in higher percent bone mass in males and females and bone mineral density (BMD) in female offspring with no effect on bone mineral outcomes in dams. Comparatively, high n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) diets increase femur polar (PL) lipid n-3 content, which has been associated with increased bone mineral content and strength. However, the extent that PL or triacylglycerol (TAG) lipids change with high SFA diets is unknown. The current investigation examined the influence of a high SFA diet (20 % lard by weight) on femur PL and TAG lipid composition in 5-month old female Wistar rats (fed high SFA diet from age 28 days onwards; dams) and their 19-day old offspring (exposed to high SFA in utero and during suckling; pups). High SFA exposure resulted in increased monounsaturates and decreased n-3 and n-6 PUFA in the TAG fraction in both dams and pups, and higher SFA and n-6:n-3 ratio in dams only. The PL fraction showed decreased n-6 PUFA in both dams and pups. The magnitude of the diet-mediated responses, specifically TAG 18:1 and PL n-6 PUFA, may have contributed to the previously reported altered BMD, which was supported with correlation analysis. Future research should investigate the relationship of diet-induced changes in bone lipids on bone structure, as quantified through micro-computed tomography.

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Flaxseed combined with low-dose estrogen therapy preserves bone tissue in ovariectomized rats

Cited by 41 publications

References 49 publications

Associations of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids with bone mineral density in elderly women

Associations of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids with bone mineral density in elderly women

Effect of storage and processing of Brazilian flaxseed on lipid and lignan contents

High Saturated Fat Diet Alters the Lipid Composition of Triacylglycerol and Polar Lipids in the Femur of Dam and Offspring Rats

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