“…In distinction to this notion of the classical composer are composers associated with jazz, who incorporate the improvisational contributions of individual players in their works, and arrangers, working with material originally composed by others. For more on the hierarchical distinctions between “composition” and “arrangement,” and the implications for describing the activities of individuals associated with jazz and African American practices, see Jeffrey Magee, “Fletcher Henderson, Composer: A Counter-Entry to the International Dictionary of Black Composers,” Black Music Research Journal 19/1 (Spring 1999): 61–70.…”