Flexible and Stretchable Optoelectronic Devices using Silver Nanowires and Graphene

Lee, Hanleem; Kim, Meeree; Kim, Ikjoon; Lee, Hyoyoung

doi:10.1002/adma.201505559

Cited by 144 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…[91] Challenges common to all NW network approaches are their poor chemical stability and tendency to oxidize, their large surface roughness, their weak adhesion to the substrate and high contact resistance to adjacent functional layers in devices. To overcome some of these challenges, NWs can be embedded in transparent dielectrics, conductive polymers, [92] graphene oxide, [93] and metal oxides. [94] Stability data on NW electrodes are not widely reported, but recent efforts indicate possibilities to improve the performance of transparent NW electrodes.…”

Section: Metal Nanowires Nano-and Microgrids and Ultrathin Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transparent Electrodes for Efficient Optoelectronics

Morales‐Masis

Wolf

Woods‐Robinson

et al. 2017

Adv Elect Materials

363

288

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With the development of new generations of optoelectronic devices that combine high performance and novel functionalities (e.g., flexibility/bendability, adaptability, semi or full transparency), several classes of transparent electrodes have been developed in recent years. These range from optimized transparent conductive oxides (TCOs), which are historically the most commonly used transparent electrodes, to new electrodes made from nano‐ and 2D materials (e.g., metal nanowire networks and graphene), and to hybrid electrodes that integrate TCOs or dielectrics with nanowires, metal grids, or ultrathin metal films. Here, the most relevant transparent electrodes developed to date are introduced, their fundamental properties are described, and their materials are classified according to specific application requirements in high efficiency solar cells and flexible organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). This information serves as a guideline for selecting and developing appropriate transparent electrodes according to intended application requirements and functionality.

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Section: Metal Nanowires Nano-and Microgrids and Ultrathin Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transparent Electrodes for Efficient Optoelectronics

Morales‐Masis

Wolf

Woods‐Robinson

et al. 2017

Adv Elect Materials

363

288

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Graphene is a highly recommended material for TCFs due to its excellent electrical conductivity and optical transmittance in the visible and near‐infrared (NIR) region . Moreover, graphene exhibits high flexibility and outstanding chemical stability .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene‐Based Transparent Conductive Films: Material Systems, Preparation and Applications

2018

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The rising demands of optoelectronic devices, such as flexibility, stretchability, and energy efficiency, urgently require alternative transparent conductive films (TCFs) for indium tin oxide. Among all the candidates such as carbon nanomaterials, metal nanomaterials, conductive polymers, and other nanocomposites, graphene is highly promising because of its distinct properties, such as outstanding conductivity, impressive optical transparency, remarkable mechanical flexibility, and chemical/thermal stability. However, the practical application of graphene‐based TCFs (G‐TCFs) is still challenging due to the difficulty for preparing large‐area crystalline graphene with few defects for TCFs. Many efforts have been made to solve these problems, and several kinds of optoelectronic devices have been successfully fabricated with G‐TCFs. This review presents the recent development in this area made by the authors and others, including the material systems and synthetic strategies of G‐TCFs, as well as their applications as transparent electrodes in optoelectronic devices such as field effect transistors, organic light‐emitting diodes, organic solar cells, and other devices. The current major challenges in this area and the potential practical solutions are identified.

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“…Moreover, they can be formed on various flexible substrates by a transfer process under non-vacuum and low temperature conditions. [29][30][31][32][33] Besides their use as transparent electrodes, carbon-based thin films, especially the CNT thin film, are good candidates for the semiconducting channel of TFTs, and many impressive research achievements have been reported to demonstrate wide range of possible uses for carbon-based flexible electronics. [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] It is recognized that carbon is a unique element that can be used in both the electrode and the channel for the fabrication of all-carbon TFTs and ICs for extremely flexible and transparent electronics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

All‐Carbon Thin‐Film Transistors as a Step Towards Flexible and Transparent Electronics

Sun

Liu

Ren

et al. 2016

Adv Elect Materials

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silicon wafer, TFTs can be fabricated on various types of rigid or flexible substrates. [1] TFTs fabricated on glass are primarily used for driving circuits in the liquid-crystal displays of televisions, computer monitors, and mobile phones, etc. Well-established TFT technologies based on amorphous silicon and polycrystalline silicon are well-suited for large-area, highresolution panels, e.g., six pieces of 65-and 75-inch TFT arrays can be fabricated on a 10.5th generation glass substrate. [2] However, TFTs based on these silicon-based semiconductors still face challenges in flexible and transparent applications, which would allow circuit integration on curved and non-rigid surfaces and in multi-layer packaging, e.g., head-up displays on windshields, informational displays on eyeglasses and transparent electronic skin in wearable electronics. [3] In terms of the materials used to construct flexible and transparent devices, not only the transistor channel but also the dielectric layers and metallic interconnects should have excellent flexibility and transparency. [4] The following factors play critical roles in the selection of channel materials: carrier mobility, temperature of material preparation, flexibility, large area availability, cost and stability. Carrier mobility is an important parameter to characterize the drift velocity of electrons or holes in a semiconductor under an applied electric field. [5] A high mobility corresponds to a high operating speed of the TFTs and their circuits. The only advantage of low-temperature polycrystalline silicon is its relatively high mobility. [6] Amorphous oxide semiconductors, including indium gallium zinc oxide, have a modest mobility and are costly due to the use of noble metal elements. [7] Hydrogenterminated amorphous silicon has modest properties in carrier mobility, large-area and flexibility, [1] and organic semiconductors are better suited for flexible and transparent TFTs except for their shortcomings of low mobility and poor environmental stability. [8] On the other hand, normal metal electrodes, such as gold, silver, aluminum and copper, cannot be used to form transparent electrodes due to their poor light transmittance. Both transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes and opaque metal electrodes suffer from flexibility constraints and can usually tolerate strains of less than 2%. [9][10][11] Therefore, the discovery of new types of robust channel and electrode materials is essential to achieve transparent, flexible, and even stretchable electronics. [12] Carbon nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene, have attracted great attention for potential use in flexible and transparent electronics since their discovery in the last two decades, [13,14] owing to their excellent properties Carbon nanotubes and graphene have attracted great attention for potential applications in flexible and transparent electronics, owing to their exceptional properties including very high electrical conductivity, optical transmittance, mechanical strength and f...

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Flexible and Stretchable Optoelectronic Devices using Silver Nanowires and Graphene

Cited by 144 publications

References 37 publications

Transparent Electrodes for Efficient Optoelectronics

Transparent Electrodes for Efficient Optoelectronics

Graphene‐Based Transparent Conductive Films: Material Systems, Preparation and Applications

All‐Carbon Thin‐Film Transistors as a Step Towards Flexible and Transparent Electronics

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