Flexible cystoscopy can improve anxiety and subjective feelings of bladder cancer patients during follow-up.

Abstract

Introduction The effect of repeated cystoscopy on bladder cancer (BC) patient anxiety and feelings is rarely evaluated. Aim To compare the difference of patients’ anxiety and subjective feelings caused by different cystoscopes. Material and methods We prospectively included 192 BC patients who accepted regular cystoscopy follow-up after transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT): 93 in the flexible group and 99 in the rigid group. The method of anesthesia and the order of examinations were consistent between different groups. We analyzed the anxiety level before cystoscopy, the maximum pain during the examination and the change of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) before and after cystoscopy. Meanwhile, we analyzed the rate of gross hematuria and pyuria after cystoscopy. The anxiety and pain levels were evaluated by the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS) and visual analogue scale (VAS). LUTS was reflected by the Core Lower Urinary Tract Symptom Score (CLSS). We distinguished gender during analysis. Results The median APAIS score of male patients undergoing flexible or rigid cystoscopy was 8 vs. 12 (p < 0.01), and this result for females was 8 vs. 9 (p = 0.048). The median pain scores for men in the two groups was 1 vs. 2 (p < 0.01), respectively, and this outcome in female patients was 0 vs. 1 (p < 0.01). Patients in the rigid group had more CLSS change (0 vs. 1, p < 0.01). There was no difference in pyuria or gross hematuria rate after examination. Analysis in respective groups showed that men have more severe pain than women, 1 vs. 0 (p = 0.001) in the flexible group and 2 vs. 1 (p = 0.009) in the rigid group. Conclusions A flexible cystoscope can improve anxiety and subjective feelings of BC patients during cystoscopy follow-up.

Nursing Acute Pain in Patients With Bladder Cancer: A Case Study

“…A history of smoking, carcinogenic substances, urinary tract infections, and schistosomiasis will cause cell inflammation that supports the metabolism of carcinogens. In addition, advanced age and male patients are risk factors for bladder cavities (Gao et al, 2021;Lenis et al, 2020). Carcinogen metabolism will cause mutations in Cancer cells until the Cancerbladder is formed.…”

Willingness to Pay and Preferences Among Patients Undergoing Cystoscopies: Results from a Large Survey-Based Study in Spain

“…1 Importantly, the cystoscopy procedure can trigger distress in patients, 2 and the level of discomfort and preferences of patients may vary according to their gender and the device used. 3 There is an increasing push to involve patients in decision-making 4 as their perspectives about experiences, attitudes, preferences, value, and expectations towards health services and treatments are unique and valuable inputs for a health technology assessment. 5 Hence, it is important to uncover patients’ preferences in cystoscopy.…”