Flexible Materials for High-Resolution 3D Printing of Microfluidic Devices with Integrated Droplet Size Regulation

Weigel, Niclas; Männel, Max J.; Thiele, Julian

doi:10.1021/acsami.1c05547

Cited by 27 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…The flexible resins used in 3D printing are UV-curable elastomers characterized by a low modulus of elasticity and low Shore hardness, but with higher flexibility, elongation at break, and elastic rebound 36) . The mechanical behavior of photocurable resins used for additive manufacturing can be controlled by modifying their composition which is based on liquid monomers, oligomers, and photoinitiators 7,37,38) . Patel et al 36) were able to increase the stretchability of a printable elastomer up to 1,100% by mixing a monofunctional monomer of epoxy aliphatic acrylate (EAA) with aliphatic urethane diacrylate (AUD) oligomer at different ratios.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-body wear and surface hardness of occlusal splint materials

et al. 2022

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The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the wear and surface hardness of nine materials for conventional manufacturing, subtractive milling, and 3D printing of occlusal splints, as well as to evaluate the differences in wear and surface hardness between rigid and flexible 3D-printed occlusal splint materials. Two-body wear and Vickers hardness tests were performed. The vertical wear depth and Vickers hardness values were statistically analyzed. Vertical wear depth and surface hardness values were statistically significant among the investigated materials (p<0.05). The lowest vertical wear depth was observed for the heat-cured resin (27.5±2.4 μm), PMMA-based milled material (30.5±2.8 μm), and autopolymerizing resin (36.7±6.3 μm), with no statistical difference (p<0.05). Flexible 3D-printed and CAD-CAM milled polycarbonate-based splint materials displayed lower surface hardness and higher wear than the PMMA-based materials. PMMA-based splint materials displayed the most consistent surface hardness and wear resistance regardless of the manufacturing technology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-body wear and surface hardness of occlusal splint materials

et al. 2022

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“…SLA-based manufacturing of constructs with microfluidic features were reported as early as 2014 . Now, with optimized SLA printing parameters and instrumentation (e.g., irradiation characteristics, light source path, digital micromirror device (DMD) pixel number), researchers could easily achieve sizes smaller than 100 μm for features such as 3D microchannels and even microneedles. ,− In addition, with the increasing availability of SLA-processable materials that match the optical and physical properties of PDMS, ,− SLA can potentially rival traditional soft lithography in fabricating on-chip microdevices that would be used for in vitro cellular studies.…”

Section: Emerging Technologies For Structuring Microfluidic Devices A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Roles of Microfluidics in Brain Research: From Cerebral Fluids Manipulation to Brain-on-a-Chip and Neuroelectronic Devices Engineering

et al. 2022

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Remarkable progress made in the past few decades in brain research enables the manipulation of neuronal activity in single neurons and neural circuits and thus allows the decipherment of relations between nervous systems and behavior. The discovery of glymphatic and lymphatic systems in the brain and the recently unveiled tight relations between the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the central nervous system (CNS) further revolutionize our understanding of brain structures and functions. Fundamental questions about how neurons conduct two-way communications with the gut to establish the gut–brain axis (GBA) and interact with essential brain components such as glial cells and blood vessels to regulate cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in health and disease, however, remain. Microfluidics with unparalleled advantages in the control of fluids at microscale has emerged recently as an effective approach to address these critical questions in brain research. The dynamics of cerebral fluids (i.e., blood and CSF) and novel in vitro brain-on-a-chip models and microfluidic-integrated multifunctional neuroelectronic devices, for example, have been investigated. This review starts with a critical discussion of the current understanding of several key topics in brain research such as neurovascular coupling (NVC), glymphatic pathway, and GBA and then interrogates a wide range of microfluidic-based approaches that have been developed or can be improved to advance our fundamental understanding of brain functions. Last, emerging technologies for structuring microfluidic devices and their implications and future directions in brain research are discussed.

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“…With this approach, complex and even freestanding 3D structures were realized in microfluidic devices, which is a key feature of the method. [ 209 ] However, 3D printing was not exploited for the creation of hydrogel microvalves in microfluidic devices so far.…”

Section: Hydrogel Microstructuring and Integration Into Microfluidicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamentals of Hydrogel‐Based Valves and Chemofluidic Transistors for Lab‐on‐a‐Chip Technology: A Tutorial Review

Beck

Obst

Gruner

et al. 2022

Adv Materials Technologies

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By the integration of smart materials, hydrogel-based LoCs even differ from other LoC approaches, as they bring more diverse functionality on the chip and reduce external equipment for fluid transport and decision-making. [52,53] Regarding the level of external control, two fundamental platforms exist: microelectromechanical and chemofluidic hydrogel-based LoCs. The first includes electronically controlled microvalves, [54,55] micropumps, [56] switchable storages, [57] filters, adjustable membranes, [58] and bioreactors [59][60][61] all based on hydrogel components. Chemofluidic integrated circuits introduce direct feedback control to chemical and physical parameters by combining both actuator and sensor properties on hydrogel material level for the LoC technology. There is a comprehensive choice of self-regulating components including chemomechanical valves, [62][63][64][65] chemostats, [66,67] thermostats, [68] pumps, [69][70][71][72][73] and adjustable filters. [74] The recent development of a universal circuit element, the chemofluidic transistor, [75,76] allows exclusive chemical control and via a set of logic operations the realization of a complete self-powered and selfcontrolling information-processing system on one integrated circuit chip. [76][77][78][79][80] However, stimuli-responsive hydrogels are materials with complex physics and behavior. The fabrication of gel-based LoC needs sophisticated technology. Moreover, the correct design of hydrogel-based components must respect parameters reaching from multidomain thermodynamics, swelling kinetics, mechanical properties of the soft materials over fabrication to functional design. To emphasize the versatility of hydrogels, numerous reviews have been published, highlighting to a different extent the material classification, [81][82][83][84][85][86][87] hydrogel behavior, [88][89][90] fabrication methods, [91][92][93][94][95][96][97] and the application range. [52,[98][99][100][101][102][103][104] The unique characteristic of this tutorial review is not only that it provides an up-to-date overview of the research field of hydrogel-based components in microfluidics, it also gives best practice suggestions to take action into the area of material selection, patterning methods, and device design. These aspects are compiled into the formulation of five design rules. Furthermore, the most important scaling laws and supporting simulation methods are presented to the future designers of hydrogelbased components for microfluidics. Therefore, this tutorial review is addressed to those who want to learn more about Stimuli-sensitive hydrogels have an outstanding potential for miniaturized, integrated sensor, and actuator systems and especially for lab-on-chip technology, but the application is still in its infancy. One major reason may be that design and realization of hydrogel-based systems are exceptionally complex and demanding. Here, the design parameters of a key component, the hydrogel-based valve, are discussed in their entirety. Key developments in the fields...

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Flexible Materials for High-Resolution 3D Printing of Microfluidic Devices with Integrated Droplet Size Regulation

Cited by 27 publications

References 69 publications

Two-body wear and surface hardness of occlusal splint materials

Two-body wear and surface hardness of occlusal splint materials

Emerging Roles of Microfluidics in Brain Research: From Cerebral Fluids Manipulation to Brain-on-a-Chip and Neuroelectronic Devices Engineering

Fundamentals of Hydrogel‐Based Valves and Chemofluidic Transistors for Lab‐on‐a‐Chip Technology: A Tutorial Review

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