Floods in Kenya

Opere, Alfred

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-59559-1.00021-9

Cited by 25 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…In Kenya, like in other parts of the world, flooding has emerged as the most common and prevalent meteorological disaster [ 6 , 7 ]. Some of the past significant floods in the last 20 years include the 1997/98 El Niño which hit many parts of Kenya causing disruption of socioeconomic activities, extensive damage to property, infrastructure, and communication facilities, and loss of life [ 8 , 9 ]. In 2003, Kenya again experienced massive flooding that affected over 60,000 people; many were displaced and had to be moved into camps and provided with relief food [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of the past significant floods in the last 20 years include the 1997/98 El Niño which hit many parts of Kenya causing disruption of socioeconomic activities, extensive damage to property, infrastructure, and communication facilities, and loss of life [ 8 , 9 ]. In 2003, Kenya again experienced massive flooding that affected over 60,000 people; many were displaced and had to be moved into camps and provided with relief food [ 9 , 10 ]. In 2006, there was another widespread flooding which also affected over 60,000 people displacing 3,500 and killing at least 7 people [ 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship between Flooding and Out Break of Infectious Diseasesin Kenya: A Review of the Literature

Okaka

Odhiambo

2018

Journal of Environmental and Public Health

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Flooding can potentially increase the spread of infectious diseases. To enhance good understanding of the health consequences of flooding and facilitate planning for mitigation strategies, deeper consideration of the relationship between flooding and out-break of infectious diseases is required. This paper examines the relationship between occurrence of floods in Kenya and outbreak of infectious diseases and possible interventions. This review intended to build up the quality and comprehensiveness of evidence on infectious diseases arising after flooding incidence in Kenya. An extensive literature review was conducted in 2017, and published literature from 2000 to 2017 was retrieved. This review suggests that infectious disease outbreaks such as waterborne, rodent-borne, and vector-borne diseases have been associated with flooding in Kenya. But there is need for more good quality epidemiological data to cement the evidence. Comprehensive surveillance and risk assessment, early warning systems, emergency planning, and well-coordinated collaborations are essential in reducing future vulnerability to infectious diseases following flooding.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Flooding and Out Break of Infectious Diseasesin Kenya: A Review of the Literature

Okaka

Odhiambo

2018

Journal of Environmental and Public Health

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“…Flooding in Kenya has been regularly documented since independence. The most severe flooding occurring in 1962-64 dubbed the "Uhuru" floods as it coincided with independence (Opere, 2013). Followed by the 1997 floods occasioned by the El Nino phenomenon, and most recently in 2015 and 2018 where severe flooding was observed across the nation.…”

Section: Flooding In Kenyamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main cause of flood waters in the Tana River catchment is rainfall in the Upper Tana (Opere, 2013) therefore observed weather forecasts and river gauge levels can be used to predict flooding impacts in the lower catchment. This paper aims to obtain and analyze credible reports on flood events and impacts in Tana river, to collate information on temporal river gauge levels and observed rainfall derived from satellites for both Tana river and the upper catchment areas, to investigate linear relationship between flood impacts and observed rainfall and river gauge levels and to predict flood impacts using a predictive model.…”

Section: Flooding In Kenyamentioning

confidence: 99%

Flood Impact-Based Forecasting for Early Warning and Early Action in Tana River Basin, Kenya

Otieno¹,

Abdillahi²,

Wambui³

et al. 2019

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Kenya is mostly affected by floods during the March-April-May (MAM) and October-November-December (OND) rainfall. This often occurs along river basins such as the Tana river basin, leading to disruption of people’s livelihoods, loss of lives, infrastructure destruction and interruption of economic activities. This study used openly available data on flood exposure, vulnerability, lack of coping capacity, flood impacts and observed satellite rainfall to analyse and predict forecast-based impacts in Tana river. Earth observation satellites including LANDSAT, sentinel 1 and 2 were acquired based on credible flood event dates to validate flood exposure and flood events. The community risk assessment (CRA) approach was used to delineate communities at high risk of floods using combination of data on vulnerability, flood exposure and lack of coping capacity. Using an ordinary least squares (OLS) predictive model, observed satellite rainfall was used as a covariate in order to predict flood impacts on communities with high flood risk scores in Tana river. Weighted scores from the CRA dimensions were summed up with forecasted hazards from the OLS model in order to derive a flood impact-based forecast. The flood impact information is to be used in forecast-based action through early warning, early action protocols thereby reducing impacts of potential floods in communities living in high flood risk areas based on the flood risk map.</p>

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“…Different studies have been conducted to address this issue. Opere(2013) studied floods in Kenya and suggested the reasons for frequent flooding in Budalang'i area is high rates of sedimentation and accumulation of sediments in river bed causing the elevation of the river course above the general level of the flood plain. This results in overbank flow across the protection dykes causing massive flooding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the Nature of a Floodplain Using GIS Open Data: A Case Study of Jangwani Floodplain Terrain in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania

Kwayu¹

2019

JGES

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Flooding is one of the rampant and persistent problems in many of the developing countries. Sustainable and innovative actions are needed to address the continuously increasing flood risk in developing countries. The aim of this study was to demonstrate how open-source GIS data source and its functionalities can be used to analyze the nature of a flood plain, particularly in developing countries. The selected case study area is a flood-prone area called Jangwani, found in Dar Es Salaam city in Tanzania. Different GIS open-source data were processed to generate flow direction, flow accumulation, slope, hillshade and contour raster in the floodplain area. Insightful findings were obtained. About 16.4 percent of the surrounding population by area is likely to be affected by the floodplain during the rainy season. The floodplain slopes were found to be flat which impedes the discharge of water to the Indian Ocean. The elevation in the floodplain was found to be lower than in surrounding areas. Thus, the watersheds intersecting Jangwani floodplain which are four times greater than the area of Jangwani floodplain are most likely to discharge in the plain due to the plain's lower slope. Further, two major transport infrastructures namely the BRT bus terminal and Jangwani bus station, are likely to be inside the floodplain in the occasion of heavy rainfall. This may result in serious transportation hurdles for the populations that surround the floodplain area during the rainy seasons. The results of this analysis can assist in the appraising of effective flood mitigation measures in developing countries where there are limited resources for data acquisition.

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Floods in Kenya

Cited by 25 publications

References 1 publication

Relationship between Flooding and Out Break of Infectious Diseasesin Kenya: A Review of the Literature

Relationship between Flooding and Out Break of Infectious Diseasesin Kenya: A Review of the Literature

Flood Impact-Based Forecasting for Early Warning and Early Action in Tana River Basin, Kenya

Examining the Nature of a Floodplain Using GIS Open Data: A Case Study of Jangwani Floodplain Terrain in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania

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